On The Study Of "X De" From Multi-angle

With the development of Chinese grammar theroy and method，we haveknown more about the chinese facts, only can we do this when we do the researchon basis of the basic knowledgement about Chinese. This paper aims to discuss thebasic knowledgement of a family of words: X de(得). Such as how this words can bemade of; what syntactic functions they can take participate in sentences; and thesituation of their developments. This article is mainly made up of three parts of thecontent.Fisrtly, we will discuss the consructions of the family of words:“X de”（X得）,we divide them to two parts: the Variables(”x”) and Constants(”de”). In this chapter,as known as the first chapter, we want to know the parts of speech that the familywords can be and the lexicalization stage of the family words. We hope to find thetraces of the family words when they developed from antient times. As far as weknow, the constant of the family words stay in different stages of their lexicalization,such as the “de”(得) in “bo de(博得)、ying de(赢得)” and the “de”(得) in “ren de(认得)、xiao de(晓得)、dong de(懂得)”. As the Variable”x”, we will analyse it from theangle of semantics，and divide them into different classes on the basis of the parts ofspeech.Secondly, we will discuss the syntactic funtion of the family words. This is thetrain of our thoughts: we pick up different words from different categories on basis ofour work before and analyse their basic functions in modern Chinese. The mainsyntactic functions they can take as are predicate verb、attribute and adverbial. Butsome words only can have one kind of syntactic function, for example,“lan de”(�'得),the predicate verb is its only syntactic function; only a few words’ syntactic functionis subject and complement. To be predicate is the the same point to the two andthree syllable words in syntactic function. That’s mostly because that the quantity ofthem is large.Thirdly, we will research the family words from the diachronic angle, and wealso want to know how or why they developed. After observing and investigating, wecan sure that some words become word from phrase very quick in early times. Suchas”she de”(舍得)，complete its lexicalization at Tang dastyny, and it is used until now.The motivation and mechanism is very complicated, as far as we know, maybe justbecause of reanalysis and analogy、pragmatic factors.In the end of this article, we will review our conclusion and point out the flawof it, we hope to do more research on this subject in the future.