Study On Nalan Xingde’s Frontier Ci

Nalan Xingde, whose ci is so prevalent that it has been republished in various versions,is a significant ci poet of Qing dynasty. Two major versions are formed during thedevelopment and are still in circulation. Nalan Xingde created his unique ci ideology in whichhe not only developed the theory of the predecessors, but initially applied the bailing theory inthe expression of natural feelings as well. His ci theory was reflected in composition and theapplication also refined the theory. He devoted himself to raising the significance of ci inliterature at that time.Nalan Xingde’s frontier ci is inclusive. Various of feelings of the poet are reflected in the60frontier ci. Sitting alone or lying awake in bed in the sleepless nights of his bitter andlonely retinue life, the poet created dozens of ci reflecting his distinctive and subtle feelingsabout frontier life.The exclamation of the rise and fall of the nation was noted down when thepoet outside of the pass, saw the ancient castles, ancient great walls and the battle field of hisancestors. His homesickness, his longing for his wife was expressed in the festival lyricswhich also pictured the desolate sights in frontier. The unique natural scenary, the localcustom of the minority groups in the frontier are recorded in his frontier ci as well.Nalan Xingde’s unique style of frontier ci might be traced back to his favor of Huajian ciwhich winds into his writing of frontier ci.Inheriting the graceful and restrained style of theHuajian frontier ci and saving the gaudiness and discernible beauty of it, Nalan Xingdeestablished his own style for frontier ci.Among the frontier ci in Song dynasties, the stylistic features of Nalan Xingde’s ci aresimilar to Liu Yong who is famous for his touching ci on lovesickness. He developed LiuYong’s natural and fresh style and explicit language but rejected the gaudy words. Differentfrom the ci created by poets of Xin school whose stylistic features are solemn and stirring,instead of mourning the declining of a nation, his ci exclaims the rises and falls of a nationand his difficult-to-fulfill ambition and has a mighty and untrammeled feature.In the early period of Qing dynasty, the ci formed a common feature of connoting a gloomy mood during the interaction of ci among the peers in poetry writing. The responsoryworks between Nalan Xingde and Gu Zhenguan created during the relief process of WuZhaoqian are a reflection of real feeling and became a well-known touching story. However, alimited number of frontier ci in the middle period of Qing inherited Nalan Xingde’s mightyand untrammeled style to show great ambitions. With the declining of the Qing dynasty andthe invasion of the great powers, frontier ci became threnodies for that age.