Epidemiological Clinical Characteristics Of Kawasaki Disease In Luzhou

Background:KD is one of the common cardiovascular acquired illnesses with multisystem vasculitis in infancy and early childhood, often associated with organ damages, myocarditis and coronary artery abnormalities, in which 20-25% can form CAA. In addition, other symptoms including coronary artery stenosis、occlusion and coronary atherosclerosis、even thromboembolism; a small number of them with ischemic heart disease left, and the main cause of death were acute heart failure、CAA rupture、serious arrhythmias and acute myocardial infarction, etc. The first case of KD was found by Dr Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japan in1961, and he reported 50 KD patients in 1967,followed by reports in other countries and regions.What causes KD is not completely known so far. It is supposed that the cause is related to infection since its character of favor, rash and regional, seasonal distribution of KD. To identify the aetiology of KD, epidemiologic survey of KD was carried out by Kawaski Disease Research Committee in Japan every two years. The investigation suggests that the incidence rate is the highest in Japan. In China, the first case of KD was reported in 1976, and then there are more and more KD patients were found during these years. The epidemiologic survey of KD has been conducted in some provinces and metropolitans, such as Beijing, Shanxi, Harbin, Hong Kong, etc. But these surveys didn’t lead to a exact result. Since the related data and information was deficient, the epidemiologic survey has not been conducted in Luzhou,.Objective:to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease(KD) in Luzhou district from January 2005 to December 2009.Methods:A metropolitan-wide epidemiological survey on KD was carried out by China-Japan Kawasaki disease study group. The questionnaire form and the diagnostic criteria of KD were prepared by the group and translated into Chinese, then be sent to pediatric ward in 24 hospitals. All involved patients fit the KD diagnostic criteria of Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Committee.Results:(1)A total of 24 hospitals responded, the responding rate is 100%. Of which 9 reported KD, the proportion is 37.5%. (2)There were 398 cases of KD in the 5 years in Luzhou area, including 241 males and 157 females, the ratio is 1.54:1. (3)The peak season of the illness appeared during April to June. There were 153 cases, or 38.44% of all during the period. While during October to December, the case number was the lowest, counting 45 cases for only 11.31%. (4)Among the 398 patients, the youngest was 6 months old and the eldest was 12.5 years old. The distribution was:less than 1 year old,22 cases(5.53%); 1-3 years old,218 cases(54.77%); 3-5 years old,147 cases(36.93%); 5-12 years old,11 cases(2.76%). (5)No death is reported during the period. (6) The number of patients with coronary artery dilated was 81, accounts for 22.44%, including 50 males and 31 females, ratio was 1.61:1. The symptoms were coronary artery broaden:715 cases(92.59%), coronary artery aneurysm:6 cases(7.41%). The younger the patient were, the more likely coronary artery sequelae occur. The group under 1 year old had the highest rate of coronary artery sequelae, counting 38.27%. (7) Almost every patient went to hospital 4-7 days after acting up, the number was 269 cases or 67.59%. The longest first visit period was 23 days. (8) 225 cases came from urban areas,121 from suburban areas and 52 cases from countryside. (9)The therapy was using Aspirin and high-dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin infusion, the effective rate of high-dose Immunoglobulin infusion was 93.97%.Conclusion:In Luzhou, there are more KD patients found in urban than suburban. The peak season of the illness appeared during April to June, most KD patients were less than 3 years old. The cardiac sequelae of KD took place mainly in young children, it’s one of the common causes of acquired cardiovascular disease in children in china. It is important to keep high awareness of KD, take diagnosis and treatment as early as possible to reduce the incidence and cardiovaslar complications.