Effectiveness Of The Comprehensive Interventions On Obesity In School Children In Chongqing

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of obesity among children and adolescents in Chongqing, to evaluate effectiveness of comprehensive interventions on child and adolescent obesity in Chongqing, provide the basis for future related interventions.MethodsBy stratified cluster random sampling survey method, 6 intervention schools are selected to take part in the comprehensive intervention activities for students, schools, families to reduce child and adolescent overweight obesity prevalence and improve student obesity related knowledge and behavior; and 6 control schools without any intervention. Through the baseline physical examination, questionnaire survey to understand and evaluate the prevalence and major risk factors of child and adolescent obesity in Chongqing; Through analysis the results of questionnaire, physical examination before and after the intervention to test intervention effect.Results1. The overall prevalence of obesity was 7.5% with a significantly higher prevalence in boys(9.4%) than in girls(6.7%); students from primary school(10.4%) than from middle schools(3.8%); and rural students(8.1%) than urban students(6.7%)(all P<0.05). Obesity rates decreased with the increase of grade(trend chi-square test P = 0.000).2. The mean score of obesity related knowledge among Chongqing 7-18 years old children and adolescent was 10.32, which girls(10.40) higher than boys(10.24)(P = 0.000), urban students(10.45) higher than suburban students(10.16)(P = 0.000), middle school students(10.38) higher than primary school students(10.27)(P = 0.000). “You should eat more fruit and vegetables every day”, “No breakfast, just more lunch(this is incorrect)”,“More high energy snacks is helpful to health(this is incorrect)” are the best three obesity related knowledge to be grasped in the 12 obesity related knowledge among Chongqing 7-18 years old children and adolescent. “You should eat more food at the bottom of the Chinese dietary pagoda”, “It is bad for health to eat out a lot”, “It is helpful to drink more boiled water rather than sugary drinks” are the worst three obesity related knowledge to be grasped in the 12 obesity related knowledge among Chongqing 7-18 years old children and adolescent.3. The mean score of obesity related behavioral among Chongqing 7-18 years old children and adolescent was 8.36, which primary school students(8.60) higher than middle school students(7.95)(P = 0.000), and there is no difference between girls and boys, urban students and suburban students.“Eat less fried foods”, “Eating out less”, “Eat less western fast food” are the best three obesity related behavioral in the 12 obesity related behavioral among Chongqing 7-18 years old children and adolescent. “Don’t eat high-energy snacks”, “Don’t drink sugary beverages”, “Drink milk every day” are the worst three obesity related behavioral in the 12 obesity related behavioral among Chongqing 7-18 years old children and adolescent.4. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of obesity on female was 0.503 times higher than male, middle school students is 0.534 times than primary school students, Suburban students is 0.866 times than urban students, "Bachelor", "high school / secondary school / college degree" mother were 1.475 times and 1.165 times than "junior high school and the following"; Father and mother suffering from obesity is 1.967 times and 2.222 times than not obese parents.5. The overweight rate in the intervention group decreased from 12.6% before intervention to 12.5%; the average obesity related knowledge score increased from 10.39 points before intervention to 10.57 points;the average obesity related behavior score increased from 8.47 points before the intervention to 8.71 points. Transverse comparison after the intervention shows that the intervention group thinner rate was 3.7% higher than 2.9% in the control group; the intervention group fat rate was 3.5% lower than that of the control group 4.2%; the intervention group knowledge average score higher than the control group 0.22; after the intervention, the intervention group and the control group average behavioral differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Chongqing city is becoming more and more serious, scores of obesity related knowledge is relatively high, scores of obesity related behavior is relatively low, we need to take scientific and reasonable intervention measures in order to control the rapid development of rate of overweight and obesity among students, improve the obesity related behavior. Mother with high degree, parents obesity is the risk factors of overweight and obese children, highly educated mothers should probably spend more time on children’s eating behaviour and parental obesity should pay attention to children’s obesity and change from the own behavior began to give the child a healthy students live view. In this study, the comprehensive intervention of “students- School- family” is effective to improve obesity among primary and Middle School Students in Chongqing, effect significantly, the overweight and obesity rate decreased after the intervention. Students learn more about obesity related diet and exercise health knowledge.