Preliminary Study Of The Nurse Organizational Silence Evaluation Questionnaire

Objective:Developing a measure questionnaire of organizational silence of nurses that simple,which is adapted to the Chinese context and characteristics of nurses, and discussing the reliability and validity of questionnaire. Then it can provide an effective assessment tools to evaluate nurses’ organizational silence, also provide valuable reference for reduce nurses’ organizational silence and create positive atmosphere.Methods:Combining with the open questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, theory of organizational silence and specialized characteristic of nursing field through collecting literatures at home and abroad, the research group developed dimensions and items. Using a two-round Delphi consultation to confirm the items, then develop the the nurse organizational silenceclinical questionnaire prediction Initially. There were 22 items and four dimensions in questionnaire prediction.Choosing 150 nurses of general hospital of Shanxi Province, measure their organizational silence with prediction questionnaire.Through the project analysis and factor analysis select the items with SPSS19.0 statistics software. Finally there were 20 items and 4 dimensions in the official questionnaire.Providing the formal questionnaire to 807 nurses of five general hospital,then organize and analysis the results, assess the reliability and validity of the official questionnaire.Assessing the credibility of the questionnaire by using the index of Cronbach’s αcoefficient, split-half reliability and retest reliability; estimating the questionnaire validity though the index of content validity and construct validity.Results:1.Questionnaire Reliability(1) Cronbach’ s α factor: Cronbach’ s α coefficient of the overall questionnaire was0.918, the Cronbach’s α coefficient of dimensions were 0.791-0.857, so this questionnaire has good internal consistency.(2) Split-half reliability: The split-half reliability of this questionnaire was 0.854, the split-half reliability of every dimensions were between 0.758 and 0.816. Generally split-half reliability >0.8 is better, so the reliability of the questionnaire is better.(3) Retest reliability: The retest reliability of this questionnaire after two weeks was0.902, the retest reliability of every dimensions were between 0.832 and 0.934.2. Questionnaire Validity(1) Content validity: This questionnaire through two rounds of 30 senior expert review,and content validity index was 0.87-1.00, S-CVI was 0.94, explain that questionnaire has good content validity and reflect the content of Nurse Organizational Silence that could be measured well.(2) Construct validity: Based on the methods of component analysis and varimax orthogonal rotation, we extract factors by the standard of eigenvalue>1 and delete entries that factor loading less than 0.4 or had the same loading on the same factor, then analyze four factors, the cumulative variance contribution rate reaches 68.32%. The theoretical structure by data analysis are basically consistent with the original questionnaire, so that the questionnaire has the better construct validity. The confirmatory factor analysis is applied to verify the construct validity. X2/df = 3.90, the fit index NFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.96,IFI=0.96, RMSEA =0.077, shows a good model fit. Factor analysis results are basically consistent with the scale structure. It turned out that the fitting index close to the standard and the questionnaire has a better construction validity.3. The present situation and influencing factors analysis of organizational silence of nurses in general hospital in Shanxi Province.(1) Score of organizational silence(`X±S): overall score of 61.89±12.53. The highest score is negative silence19.67±4.45, followed is defensive silence18.52±4.55, pro-social silence13.57±3.01, the lowest score is disregard silence10.13±3.15.(2) The influence of population and sociology factors on the nurses’ organizational silence scores: The analysis indicates that significant statistical differences in overall and specific dimension scores which are different age, marital status, degree, titles, working age, personnel situations. There are statistical differences in the scores of different gender nurses in the defensive silence dimension, but there are no statistical differences in otheraspects. There are no statistical differences in different departments and different level hospitals in overall and specific dimension scores.Conclusion:1. The research primarily formulated the nurse organizational silence questionnaire,it including 4 dimensions and 20 items.2. The nurse organizational silence questionnaire has good reliability and validity.Then it can provide an effective assessment tools to evaluate nurses’ organizational silence,also provide valuable reference for reduce nurses’ organizational silence and create positive atmosphere.3. Recommendations: the development of evaluation tools should be a process which keeps improving dynamically, so the questionnaire still needs further confirmation and improvement in practical application.