| Objective:The study aimed to explorecontentof PPARγin placenta of women with GDM andits effect on neonatal body fat.Methods:A prospective study was conducted including those women who were during early pregnancy between May 2014 and May 2015 in the maternal and child care service center of Tongling city. The objects with liver and kidney disease, metabolic disease, genetic disease and diabetes before pregnancy were excluded. All the women underwent a 75-g,2-h oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) during 24-28 gestational weeks. The research subjects were divided into two groups, normal group and GDM group. The objects were followed up until fetal births. Bleeding of the umbilicus and placentaswere immediately collected after fetal births. And newborns’ anthropometric measurements were performed within 24 hours of fetal births.Results:(1) According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study collected 783 subjects in the first trimester. 151 subjects were lost due to loss of follow-up, abortion, stillbirth, refusal of cooperation later, eventually 632 subjects were observed. There were 189 cases in GDM group, 443 cases in the normal group according to the results of OGTT during 24-28 gestational weeks. At last we collected 612 women blood samples in the second trimester, 444 blood samples in the third trimester, 272 cases of placenta samples and 266 cases of umbilical cord blood samples.(2) The mean of neonatal birth weight in GDM group was 3.40±0.50 kg and 3.36±0.45 kg in the normal group, there was no significant differenceof neonatal birth weight between the two groups(P=0.305). While the mean of newborn body fat percentage in GDM group was (18.37±5.92)% and(15.45±4.89)% in the normalgroup, the difference was statistically significant(P(27)0.001).(3) The results of RT-PCR showed that the difference of the expressions of PPARγm RNAbetween the two groupswere statistically significant, GDM group was decrease(P<0.05). The differences of the expressions of CD36, FABPpm, fatp-1, FATP-2, FATP-3 and FATP-4 m RNAwere statistically significant(P<0.05); But differences of the levels of FATP-5 and FATP-6 m RNAbetween the two groups were not statistically significant.(4) Western blot showed that the difference of the expressions of PPARγprotein in the placenta between the two groupswas statistically significant(P=0.013), the content of PPARγprotein in the placenta of GDM group was decreased. In addition, the differences of the expressions of FATP-1(P=0.008), FATP-3(P=0.006) proteinin the placenta were statistically significant, the contents in GDM group weredecreased. And FATP-2(P=0.006) protein expression was increased. The differences of the contents of other placental fatty acid related protein, such as CD36, FABPpm, FATP-4, FATP-5 and FATP-6 protein were not statistically significant(P(29)0.05).(5) Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the content ofplacental PPARγ protein and neonatal body fat, r=-0.693, P(27) 0.001.Conclusion:The content of PPARγ was decreased in GDM group, which affected the expressions of some gene that regulated fatty acid, thus affecting the expression levels of fatty acid binding proteins and fatty acid transport proteins. Which caused fatty acid metabolism disorder of pregnant women with GDM, leading toincreased fetal lipogenesis and the ratio imbalance, the content of neonatalbody fat in GDM group was higher than that in the normal group. |
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