Correlation Study Between Malocclusion And Psychological Factors On Junior High School Students In Wujiaqu City In Xinjiang

Objective: To investigate the correlation between malocclusion and psychosocial factors on junior high school students who were classified according to Incisor Malocclusion Classification in Wujiaqu City in Xinjiang, namely the correlation between malocclusion and social psychosocial impact and the correlation between malocclusion and mental health impact. Methods: In May 2015, 9 classes were randomly sampled from the department of junior high schools(the total number of junior high school students is 2480) of the only two middle schools in Wujiaqu city using cluster sampling. There were 390 students(193 boys, 197 girls) who were all Han people with mean age of 14.1 years, and age range of 11.5~16.6 years. Psychosocial impacts were assessed using Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire and Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students among all the subjects. Then, they were classified into 5 groups through clinical diagnosis according to Incisor Malocclusion Classification and individual normal occlusion criterion, namely incisor Class I group, Class II1 group, Class II2 group, Class III group and normal occlusion group. Statistical analysis involved rank sum test. Results: 1 Social psychosocial impacts.(1) In terms of social impact, after comparing other 4 groups with incisor class III group, there was statistical significance(P<0.0125) between incisor class III group and normal occlusion group. There was no statistical significance(P>0.0125) between incisor class III group and other 3 groups respectively. Incisor class III group was 4 points higher than normal occlusion group.(2) In terms of aesthetic concern, after comparing other 4 groups with incisor class III group respectively, there was no statistical significance(P>0.0125) between incisor class III and incisor class II1 group. There was statistical significance(P<0.0125) between incisor class III and other 3 groups respectively. Incisor class III group was 3 points higher than incisor class I group, 2.5 points higher than incisor class II2 group, and 7 points higher than normal occlusion group.(3) In terms of dental self-confidence, after comparing other 4 groups with incisor class III group, there was statistical significance(P<0.0125) between incisor class III group and normal occlusion group, but there was no statistical significance(P>0.0125) between incisor class III and other 3 groups respectively. Only Incisor class III group was 4 points lower than normal occlusion group.(4) In terms of gender, there was statistical significance(P<0.05) between female and male social impact scores in incisor class II1 group. Female score was 4 points higher than male. Female and male aesthetic attitude scores of incisor class II1 and class III group were statistically different(P<0.05), female score was 3 points higher than male. Male and female tooth confidence scores of incisor class II2 group were statistically different(P<0.05), male score was 2 points higher than female. Male and female scores were not statistically different(P>0.05) in the rest of the groups. 2 Mental health impact.(1) In terms of total average of mental health, compulsive symptoms, hostility, interpersonal tension and sensitivity, anxiety, learning pressure and emotional imbalance, when we compared incisor class III group with other 4 groups, psychological abnormality differences had no statistical significance(P>0.05).(2) In terms of bigotry, depression and maladjustment, after comparing other 4 groups with incisor class III group respectively, abnormal psychological differences had statistical significance(P<0.0125) between incisor class III group and normal occlusion group. Psychological abnormality ratio of incisor class III group was higher than normal occlusion group. Psychological abnormality differences had no statistical significance after comparing other 3 groups with incisor class III group(P>0.0125) respectively.(3) In terms of psychological imbalance, incisor class III group compared with other four groups, abnormal psychological differences were all statistically significant(P<0.0125), psychological abnormality ratio of incisor class III group was higher than other 4 groups. Conclusions: Malocclusion has a certain adverse impact on social psychology of junior middle school students. Malocclusion increased their social impact, reduced their dental self-confidence. Especially incisor class II1 and class III increased their impact of aesthetic concern. Malocclusion also has a certain adverse impact on mental health of junior middle school students, especially negative influence of the incisor class III on the psychological imbalance. The effect of incisor class II1 on female social impact and aesthetic attitude was more serious than male, and the effect of incisor class III on female aesthetic attitude was more serious than male, men in incisor class II2 group were more confident of their teeth than women. Encourage junior high school students with malocclusion to receive orthodontic treatment as soon as possible, give guidance and intervention to psychological problems that may occur in time.