| IVGynecological diseases have a serious impact on women’s health. Gynecological diseases not only affect women themselves, but also affect the quality of newborns. If the mother suffers from gynecological diseases, the probability of congenital infection in newborns may increase, and it may lead to premature delivery, congenital malformation, low birth weight and other problems. Therefore, gynecological diseases are a public health problem which has a serious impact on women’s health and family harmony. The report issued by WHO in the 1990 s showed that 40% of women in China suffered from varying degrees of gynecological diseases, this phenomenon was more serious among married women in rural areas, and up to 70% of women suffered from various gynecological diseases. Since the 1970 s, China incorporated the general survey and treatment of gynecological diseases into the routine work of women healthcare.Tibet Autonomous Region is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its average elevation is up to over 4,000 meters. The air here is thin. It has a cold climate. The natural conditions are very difficult. The economic development and medical and health conditions are backward. Women’s healthcare awareness is low. Therefore, the incidence of gynecological diseases in this region has its own characteristics. This study explored the incidence of gynecological diseases and its influencing factors in Shannan Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, thereby providing reference for better development of control measures for gynecological diseases in Tibet Autonomous Region.Objective:To explore the incidence of gynecological diseases and its influencing factors in Shannan Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region as well as the healthcare knowledge awareness of patients with gynecological diseases, thereby providing reference to control gynecological diseases in Tibet Autonomous Region.Methods:Through questionnaire survey, combined with clinical examination, it selected the relevant information of 971 outpatient patients in Shannan Prefecture People’s Hospital from April 2015 to December 2015 and analyzed the characteristics of gynecological diseases and its influencing factors in Tibet Autonomous Region.Results:1. Among 971 cases, a total of 6 categories and 15 kinds of gynecological diseases were founded. Genital inflammation had the highest incidence ratio,accounting for 74.15% of the total number of cases, of which, vaginitis(329 cases,33.88%), pelvic inflammatory disease(214 cases, 22.04%) and cervical erosion(104cases, 10.71%) ranked top three.2. There were the most people suffering from gynecological diseases among local patients aged over 21 and 31(442 cases, 45.52%; 300 cases, 30.90%), of which,81.90% of patients aged over 21(362/442) and 75.00% of patients aged over 31(225/300) suffered from gynecological inflammatory diseases. Vaginitis and pelvic inflammatory disease were the main gynecological inflammation. Compared with other gynecological diseases, the incidence of gynecological inflammation among patients aged over 21 increased significantly(P <0.001).3. The patients were mainly Tibetan. There were a total of 826 Tibetan patients,accounting for 85.07%, and 140 Han patients, accounting for 14.42%. In all patients,gynecological inflammation, especially vaginitis, was the main gynecological disease,accounting for 72.88%- 81.43%.4. The incidence of gynecological inflammation among patients with college degree or above was higher than patients with other education background, χ2=26.920,P<0.001; the incidence of uterine body diseases and adnexal diseases in illiterate group was significantly higher than patients with other education background, χ2 =59.109, P <0.001, indicating that there was a correlation between gynecological disease distribution and education background.5. The incidence of gynecological inflammation and adnexal diseases among the fertile was significantly higher than the infertile, χ2 = 48.866, P <0.001; the maindisease among the infertile was vaginitis; the main disease among the patients giving birth once to three times was vaginitis; the incidence of cervical erosion among the patients giving birth over three times was the highest, χ2 = 99.831, P <0.001.6. Patients with gynecological diseases were mainly farmers and herdsmen, a total of 560 cases, accounting for 57.67%. The incidence of gynecological inflammation among workers, teachers and civil servants was higher than farmers and herdsmen, P <0.001.7. Most of the patients with gynecological diseases cleaned vulva, a total of 433 cases, accounting for 44.60%; however, the incidence of gynecological inflammation among patients who cleaned vulva every day or often was higher than patients who did not clean vulva, χ2 = 46.930, P <0.001; compared with other patients with gynecological diseases, the proportion of patients with gynecological inflammation cleaning vulva every day or often was higher than patients with other gynecological diseases, χ2 = 20.062, P <0.001.8. Among the patients with gynecological inflammation, 218 cases took no contraceptive measures, accounting for 30.28%; 185 cases used IUD, accounting for25.69%; and 110 cases used condoms, accounting for 15.28%. Investigation on women suffering from gynecological inflammation showed that there was a correlation between contraception methods and incidence of gynecological inflammation,, P <0.001. Compared with patients with other gynecological diseases,women using IUD or not taking contraception methods were easier to suffer from gynecological inflammatory diseases, χ2 = 32.741, P <0.001.9. 46.04% of patients ignored gynecological diseases, 17.10% of patients bought medicine from the pharmacy for self-treatment, and 35.32% of patients went to hospital. Compared with patients with other gynecological diseases, patients with gynecological inflammation were more active in treatment, χ2 = 17.612, P<0.001.10. The attitude of patients with gynecological inflammation to physical examination was more positive than patients with other gynecological diseases, χ2 =13.508, P = 0.004.11. The logistic regression analysis of risk factors of gynecologicalinflammation showed that increasing age was a protective factor of gynecological inflammation,P = 0.000(OR, 0.940; 95% CI, 0.914 ~ 0.966); there was a correlation between gynecological inflammation and contraception methods, and birth control ring and oral contraceptives were the risk factors of gynecological inflammation, P =0.007(OR, 2.210; 95% CI, 1.237 ~ 3.948).Conclusion:1. There were 6 categories and 15 kinds of gynecological diseases in Shannan Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, of which, gynecological inflammation was the most important and most common gynecological disease.2. Vaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and other inflammation was the major gynecological inflammation in Shannan Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region.3. Gynecological disease distribution in this area was related to age, education background, parental status, occupation, health habits and contraceptive measures.4.The gynecological disease patients self health care in poor condition in Shannan Prefecture of Tibet. |
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