The Development Of Social Investment To Hospitals In China

Research backgroundSocial capital on running medical in the development process of China, gradually diverges from the initial role settings. The main reasons are:the strong extrusion from public hospitals, the poor supporting from health administrative departments, also defined by policies and the influence by people’s ingrained traditional values, social medical organizations develops with problems, showing the development characteristics of "small, scattered and weak". As a result, the current situation of the development of social capital to run medical marginalized, it is far away from achieving the goal of our multiple medical system.At the same time, under the condition of market economy, role expectations of society capital to run medical institutions is becoming more and more great. Since 2009, a new round of medical and health system reform launched in China, country have issued a series of policy, encourage, support and guide the social capital to run medical institutions, especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, social capital to run medical have been mentioned in an important level. Social capital for the development of medical industry have received lots of attention, how to deal with relations with various stakeholders become more complicated and challenging. For the sustainable and healthy development of social capital to run medical along the right track, solving the problems of role imbalance caused by related issues in social medical organizations, harmonizing the relationship between various stakeholders and social medical institutions, creating harmony and win-win situation, and related problems about the present situation of social capital to run medical research is quite necessary and urgent.ObjectiveBased on the embarrassing position which the current social capital for medical hold in our health care system, according to the microcosmic perspective that social set medical institutions, the topic mainly uses the stakeholder theory to make a systematic summary and analysis on the related issues of social capital for medical. It aims at letting the social from all walks of life to understand and attach importance to social capital for medical, strengthening self-management and self-development for social medical institutions, promoting the process of social capital for medical continuously, and advancing sustainable and healthy development in this industry.To elaborate the industry value of social capital for medical and clarify its existence meaning; To summarizes the development courses of social capital for medical and arrange the development paths; To preliminarily comprehend the objective status and subjective cognition of social capital for medical through questionnaire survey method and interview method; To point out the development dilemmas of social medical institutions, on the basis of the dilemmas, analyze the causes of existing problems and clarify the motion and resistance according to the public hospitals, health administrative departments, stakeholders, the demands and relations of internal staffs and most people who owned the benefits. To consider foreign experience related to social capital for medical, explore the improving strategy on domestic social capital for medical.SignificanceThe research on the related problems and strategy of social capital for medical occupies a very important position in economics and management. The sustainable and healthy development of social capital for medical is an important and crucial part in the medical and health reform and development of our country. The sufficient development of social medial institutions could not only enrich the medical and health service supply, reduce the gap between supply and demand, but also meet the demands of people and help solving of the social problems such as getting difficulty of medical service and high cost; Also could bring the market mechanism which developing the superior and weeding out the inferior into fully play, make medical resources to foster strengths, circumvent weaknesses, and optimize, and promote mutual cooperation and orderly competition of social medical institutions and public medical institutions; At the same time could lighten the investment burden of health administrative department, prompt the health administrative department to transform function, and better guide the national medical and health industry to develop rapidly and healthily. In short, the final beneficiaries would be the whole industry, system, and society.MethodsThis paper introduces the analysis perspective "Stakeholder Theory" to study the related issues on social capital for medical in our country. Nowadays, the application of stakeholder theory focuses mainly on economic management, political science, sociology, ethics, etc., it is less used in the field of health policy analysis and health institutions management. This paper uses stakeholder theory systematically, which starts with public hospitals, health administrative departments, stakeholders, internal medical staffs and people those five stakeholders, to totally examine the present development situation of social medical institutions and dialectically analyze the interest relationships from all the aspects. Combining use literature studies, questionnaire investigations, experts consultation and interview method, system analysis and other research methods to build a stakeholder analysis framework of social medical institutions in our country synthetically. Thus it would give an accurate function position and role to social capital for medical which aims to better analyze its existence reasons, dissect functions, resolve practical predicaments and ascertain developing directions.Content1. The review of stakeholder theoryThis paper introduces the stakeholder theory which gives a brief and system presentation about the basic content from its origin and evolution, definition of conception to classification method. According to the strategic management professor Freeman’s classical definition, stakeholders is all the individuals and groups who can influence the achievement of an organization’s goal, or are affected by it. Basing on that, this paper applies the stakeholder theory to social medical organization system, promotes researches on social capital for medical through integrative analysis of all stakeholders, and finally makes a synthesized evaluation of the stakeholder theory.2. The domestic current situation of the social capital for medicalReviewing the development of social capital for medical in China, it is found that the development path is closely connected with the transition of our country’s economic system. The planned economy system of single ownership before reform and opening influences and restricts the demands of social capital for medical in our country. With the establishment of the socialist market economic system, our country’s social capital for medical unfolds slowly. Especially since the launched of a new round of medical and health system reform from 2009, our country adopted a series of policies to support and guide the development of social medical institutions which welcomed a rare development opportunities and spring. Social medical institutions has a breakthrough in both number and proportion, and emerges some strong social medical groups such as "Caritas Medical Group", "Hua Xia Healthcare Holdings Limited", "Aier Ophthalmology" and so on. While appreciating the achievements, we should be clear that it also has a big gap between social medical institutions and public medical institutions in reflection of service ability and the core indexes of technology level. It appears the marginalized development characteristics such as "small, scattered, and weak" on the whole which does not comply with construction standard of medical multi-system. Overall, the development of social capital for medical in our country is mingled hope and fear. While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.3. Related experience and enlightenment of foreign social capital for medicalIn developed countries like Europe and the United States, some Asian countries and regions, the social medical development is more mature and the relevant system is more perfect. From international experience, many national health care system’s reforms had adapted to the demands of the market-oriented development, and social resources stepping into the medical service market is a prevailing practice. The experience of foreign social capital for medical enlightens us:merely depending on the government or market cannot achieve substantial development, it must coordinate with the power of government and market, and build a diverse medical system, thus would give both consideration to efficiency and fairness in the medical service market.4. The analysis on the troubles of domestic social capital for medical from the perspective of stakeholdersDomestic social capital for medical faces development dilemmas both from their own reasons and influence of other stakeholders. This paper uses analytical thinking of the Stakeholder Theory, from the five interest subjects——public hospitals, health administrative departments, internal staffs, stakeholders, and people, to make a series of carefully analyze and further explore the interests environment of social capital for medical in our country. Through analysis it is found that:the influences of each benefit subjects for social medical institutions have positive or negative, some interest subjects like "public hospitals" have both positive and negative. On the other hand, better development of social medical institutions will have a positive impact. Therefore, confirming the interest demands and obligations of all the related subjects and dialectically viewing the relative interest relationships between all the aspects and social medical institutions could deepen the understand of internal and external environment on domestic social medical institutions and the origin of present predicaments, and still give an accurate function position and role to social capital for medical.5. The domestic research on development countermeasures of social capital for medicalTo adapt the practice experiences from foreign reforms of social capital for medical, combine with China’s conditions, aim to the domestic existing key problems, according to the conclusions of causes analysis, Put forward strengthen the responsibility and obligations of each core stakeholders, and finally delimit living space of social capital for medical from the function orientation; To optimize the pattern of public hospitals, and expand the development space of social capital for medical; To carry out the existence policies, and build public and fair competition space; To strengthen self-construction, and narrow fermentation space of negative effects; To implement effective supervision, and purify the growing space of social capital for medical; To strengthen communication links, create florescent and symbiotic harmony space, and discusses development countermeasures of domestic social capital for medical.ConclusionsMedical and health work, as a major livelihood issues is related to tens of thousands of families’ well-being and happiness. Social capital stepping into the medical service market and building multivariate medical and health service system which is a social systematic project, not only involves the national policy institution arrangements, but also involves the social medical institution’s people, goods, content, technology researches, and cultural construction and so on. It is a multi-promotion dynamic contact process which relates to various interests and multiple departments and closely coordinates with the whole society. Only rational recognize demands of each stakeholder, overall use whole resources, and various departments work together to be united and eliminate resistance, can the social medical institutions have the real "spring".