| Ginseng is known as the valuable Chinese herbal medicine,in the daily diet is also used as a seasoning. The main active ingredient is roughly divided into saponins, polysaccharides, peptides, naphtha, etc. Ginseng products, currently on the market had seen much of ginseng saponin, partial ginseng polysaccharide as the main active ingredient. The ginseng ingredients like other saponins has not been sufficient research and application.In order to improve the utilization rate of ginseng. This experiment selected the whole tail suncured ginseng and the ginseng waste materials which had been extracted Ginsenosides as material. respectively through the following steps, and compared and analyzed the results.By the optimized extraction conditions, 2 kinds of water extracts from ginseng extracts were extracted. Optimal conditions for liquid ratio 1:20, ultrasonic time 20 min, at a temperature of 80℃ water provided 10 h, after vacuum filtration, filter residue is added with 1L distilled water, water extraction, 80℃ 8h, twice the filtrate, concentrated to 200 ml, by D101 macroporous adsorption resin column(6 cm x 80 cm) were isolated, with 2L distilled water were eluted, to remove the saponin constituents. TLC was detected to not show color, and the constituents of the saponins were removed completely. After the concentration of the elution solution, the water extract of ginseng was obtained by vacuum drying at 90℃. The whole tail suncured ginseng oligosaccharide content drying whole Radix is 4.753%, the yield is 26.36%; The content of the ginseng waste was 4.532% and the yield was 26.42%. The purified soluble sugar was purified by Sephadex G-25, Sephadex G-15 gel column chromatography for further purification.Obtained 5 sugar fractions. To determine the number average molecular weight and average degree of polymerization by the end analysis. the average degree of polymerization of 5 sugar group in the tail suncured ginseng were 16.938, 9.201, 7.056, 3.858, 2.791; the mean molecular weight respectively for 2744.91, 1499.39, 1145.87, 639.09, 467.30Da; the average degree of five sugar grouppolymerization in ginseng waste were respectively 14.087, 10.078, 7.296, 5.231, 356; the number-average molar mass were 2285.95, 1640.58, 1192.59, 860.34, 591.27 Da.Ten sugar samples and standard sugars were analyzed by hydrolyzed and HPLC, and got 10 kinds of monosaccharide sugar samples. 5 kinds of sugar samples in the tail suncured ginseng respectively in accordance with the molecular weight from big to small scale for A, B1, B2, C1, C2. 5 kinds of polysaccharides in ginseng waste were similarly marked A, B1, B2, C1 and C2. By HPLC analysis, a monosaccharide composition: Man:Rha:Gal:Glu:Ara=1:0.77:1.42:0.86:0.91; B1 monosaccharide composition: Rha:Gal:Glu=1:2.17:1.24; B2 in monosaccharide composition: Man:Rha:Ara=1:0.87:1.34; C1 and C2 are Glu composition; a monosaccharide composition: Man:Rha:Gal:Glu:Ara=1: 0.57:0.37:0.42:0.23; B1 in monosaccharide composition: Man:Rha:Glu=1:2.34:1.44; B2 monosaccharide composition Gal:Ara=1:5.62; C1 monosaccharide composition: Rha:Glu:1:6.87; C2 also to Glu composition.By periodate oxidation, a preliminary exploration of sugar composition in glycosidic bond connections, Two kinds of materials that whole tail suncured ginseng and the ginseng waste materials for each of the five sugar samples glycosidic bond composition, all sugar samples containing 1→2 or 1→2,6; 1→4,1→4,6 glycosidic bond; 1→ or 1→ 6 glucosidic bond and 1→3; 1→3,6; 1→2,3; 1→2,4; 1 to 3,4; 1 → 2,3,4 glycosidic bond, but the proportion of different. By compared and analyzed the sugar composition in whole tail suncured ginseng and waste ginseng, there is no obvious difference, The activity of experiment for five sugar group in ginseng waste to further explore the activity, in order to improve the utilization of the resources of ginseng.Ginseng waste sugars, B1, B2, have improve the activity of serum IL-2 content in mice, concentration within the 40 mg/kg/d, b1 in 30 mg/kg/d, 20 mg/kg/d, 10 mg/kg/d three concentrations of IL- 2 levels all have good role in promoting, has significant differences, even extremely significant difference;B2 only under the concentration of 20 mg/kg/d with the activity of IL- 2 levels, and the control group with significant difference.B1 and C1 has anti-fatigue activity, exhaustion swimming time in mice and the negative control has significant differences, and no significant difference with positive control.Through real-time quantitative PCR technology. the expression of genes related to mouse spleen and muscle was detected, and the mechanism of the activity of the oligosaccharide in the activity of the ginseng waste was preliminarily explored. The relative expression of PPAR- and m RNA PGC-1 in mouse muscle was significantly increased, and the expression of m RNA PGC-1 was significantly increased, and it may be closely related to the improvement of anti fatigue ability of mice. IL-2 m RNA expression in murine splenic was increased and the expression of IL-6 m RNA decreased, the increase of IL-2 in serum of mice may be closely related to the increase of IL-2m RNA expression, However, the decrease of IL-6m RNA expression may promote IL-2 content or have no direct relationship. |
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