Retrospective Analysis Of Hospitalized Patients With Hypokalemia In The Depatrment Of Endocrineology&Metabolism

Objective: This research observed the reason of disease, clinicalmanifestations and its prognosis,and discussed the pathogenesis ofhypokalemia, mainly to analyze the features and diagnosis of endocrinerelated hypokalemia, there by guiding the clinical prevention andtreatment of the disease.Materials and methods: A retrospective hospital record study,which enrolled601patients with hypokalemia, was performed at theinternal medicine department of the Bethune First Hospital of JilinUniversity from May2008to December2010and from july2012toOctober2014.All patients were divided into mild, moderate and severegroup according to preliminary survey of blood potassium levels.We askfor details and record the history of the inductees, including:age, sex,length of stay, initial symptoms, causes and biochemical indicators, suchas serum sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, creatinine, albumin,blood sugar，low density lipoprotein,triglyceride. When doubts aboutsome special causes of hypokalemia,we should also record related specialinspection and test results. For each group analyse risk factors, clinicalcharacteristics and outcomes of these patients.Results:(1)There is a total number of10559people who werehospitalized in the department of Endocrine system in five years, amongwhom601cases were diagnosed as hypokalemia, the morbidity was5.7%.The number of mild hyponatremia was more than half (58.74%),followed by moderate hyponatremia (30.11%), severe hyponatremia was fewer than both of the above(11.14%).(2)The average value of patients’age in severe was younger than others’ group,the difference wasstatistically significance (P<0.01).(3)Among three groups,the longestaverage length of hospital stay was mild group, but the difference was nostatistically significant (P>0.05).(4)The average blood glucose ofpatients in severe group was good than the other tow groups’,and thedifference was statistically significant (P <0.05).(5)The three top reasonsof HK wree diabetes mellitus ((70.88%), hyperthyroidism (7.99%),drug-related HK(4.67%).(6)In this study, the reseach objects’ expressionof primary disease symptoms as the first symptom appeared to have thehighest proportion (56.4%),followed by muscle symptoms (such as thelack of power, etc.) symptoms (36.71%).(7)The prognosis of patients ingroup of mild HK is batter and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(8)Of all601cases there were514patents considered ashypokalemia associated with endocine and metabolic diseases,amongwhich diabetes mellitus was the most common and87patients consideredas hypokalemia associated with on-endocine and metabolicdiseases,among which drug-related HK was the most common.(9)Inendocrine and metabolic diseases in renal tubular acidosis induced HK inpatients with moderate to severe HK accounted for the largest proportion,diabetic HK patients with moderate to severe HK accounts for thesmallest proportion(5.6%).Conclusions:(1)A common cause of hypokalemia among hospitalizedpatients in etndocrinology and metabolism was diabetes mellitus,and themajority of them because of drug-related HK、the poor out-hospitaldisease control or adverse complications occured indufficientintake,gastrointestinal losses. In addision,some endocrine and metabolic diseases-based patients hadother diseases such as gastrointestinal tract disease at sametime.(2)acommon cause of endocrine correlation hypokalemia was thyroiddiseases and hyperthyroidism was the most common cause of HK inthyroid diseases.(2)Among adrenal diseases, primary aldosteronismwas a common cause of HK.(3)Renal tubular acidosis was commoncause which led to severe HK in endocrine diseases.