Effects And Mechanism Of Alcea Rosea Roots In Ethylene Glycol Induced Nephrolithiasis In Rats

Objective To study the beneficial effect and mechanism of Alcea rosea roots in ethyleneglycol induced nephrolithiasis in rats. Include the24h urine PH, P, Ca2+,Mg2+and oxalate,blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Renal SOD, MDA, GAH in kidney pathologicalmorphology observation.Methods We randomly divided60male Wistar rats into six groups, control group, modelgroup, Alcea rosea roots lower-dose preventive group, Alcea rosea roots high-dose preventivegroup, Alcea rosea roots lower-dose curative group, Alcea rosea roots high-dose curativegroup. Control group was provided free access to food and normal drinking water, modelgroup received ethylene glycol drinking water and was fed with normal chow, preventivegroup as model group received Alcea rosea roots in low and high dose, curative group asmodel group received Alcea rosea roots in low and high dose from day15to day28. At theend of the experiment, various renal functional and injury markers such as urine volume,calcium, phosphate, magnesium, urea, creatinine, and oxalate were evaluated using urine,serum, and kidney homogenate. The kidneys were removed and prepared for histologicalevaluation of calcium oxalate deposits.Results (1) Alcea rosea roots effect rat weight. There is no rat died in experiment. Controlgroup body plump, mental condition is well. The model group is disorderly, spiritual malaise,the experiment group states is between control and model group. Control group rats bodyquality is significantly increased than before.(2) Alcea rosea roots effect rat urine and urinebiochemical indexes. The model groups increased the urine output,24h urine Ca2+, andoxalate compared to the control group（P<0.05）. The preventive and curative groups reducedthe24h urine Ca2+, urine oxalate compared to the model grou（pP<0.05）.(3) Alcea rosea rootseffect rat blood biochemical indexes. The model groups increased the urea, creatinine,compared to the control grou（pP<0.05）. The preventive and curative groups reduced the urea,creatinine compared to the model group（P<0.05）.(4) Alcea rosea roots effect rat kidneyindexes. The model groups increased the MDA compared to the control group（P<0.05）. Thepreventive and curative groups increased the GSH and SOD compared to the model group（P<0.05）. The preventive and curative groups reduced the MDA compared to the modelgroup（P<0.05）.(5) Alcea rosea roots effect rat kidney tissue calcium oxalate deposit, thecontrol group in the rat kidney size, color, luster is normal. Model group rats there is no clearboundary between renal cortex and medulla, touch has obvious grind arenaceous feeling,optical microscope obvious and hematoxylin eosin staining slice find the oxalate crystal isgray or white. Von Kossa staining slice find the oxalate crystal is black. Histopathologicalanalysis shows that the control group renal tissue has no obvious pathological changes andcalcium oxalate crystal deposition. Model group rats renal tissue has a lot of calcium oxalatecrystal deposition, mainly exist in the renal medulla and renal papilla. The renal tubularepithelial cell swelling, degeneration, necrosis and the renal tubular expansion. There iscalcium oxalate crystal deposition and loss of epithelial cells in the renal tubular. Renalinterstitial has obvious chronic interstitial inflammation, the preventive and curative groupsreduced the calcium oxalate crystal deposition, the renal corpuscle structure damage andpathological damage compared to the model group. Conclusion The extract of Alcea rosea roots can prevention and treatment calcium oxalateurinary stone formation in rats and protect renal function. It was increased the SOD,GSH, butreduced the BUN, Cr, MDA and the number and size of calcium oxalate crystal deposits andprotected the kidneys from serious damage compared to the model group.