| BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are the most common chronic diseases among theelders in China. With the improvement of the people’s living standard and obviousacceleration of the aging population, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, suchas hypertension, among the aged person has been increased gradually. Retried cadresare one of the important parts of the aged group in China; they are also the vitalsecurity objects among the work of the health care. It’s quite challenge to do the jobon the health care of these special population, we should know the current status ofcardiovascular diseases and the risk factors among the elderly and retried cadres. Thepurpose of this study is to explore the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, toprovide the basis for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases among thegroup, in order to take more effective preventive measures to control the occurrence,development of the chronic diseases and further improve the health care work of theelderly and retired cadres in Shenyang.MethodsCohort study was used to observe the incidence of the cardiovascular diseasesand to explore the risk factors. The cohort study population came from2hospitals inShenyang surveyed in2010without hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases,then they were followed up ever year until2013. At the baseline investigation of thestudy, each one of the cohort was given standard physical examination, investigationand the test of blood sample.The physical examination includes the measurement ofheight, weight and blood pressure. The investigation includes the demographiccharacteristics (age, sex, education, occupation and so on), behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, dietary and exercising habit) and the measure of blood sampleinclude the total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), high densitylipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL), fast bloodglucose(FBG) and uric acid(UA). During the follow up period, the populations withdifferent characteristics were followed to determine whether the cardiovasculardiseases occurred or not; then the incidence of cardiovascular diseases werecompared among different cohorts and the risk factor of the cardiovascular diseaseswere analyzed.Statistic analysis was conducted by SPSS19.0. The means and standarddeviation of continuous variables and comparisons in means between two groupswere conducted by t test; prevalence of categorical variables was calculated and thecomparison of prevalence between two groups was examined by chi test. All Pvalues were based on two-side test and a significance level of0.05. With thehypertension and other cardiovascular diseases as the dependent variable, and withthe age, smoking, body mass index(BMI), hypertriglycerdermia, FBG andhyperuricemi as the independent variables, Logistic regression analysis of multiplefactors was employed to calculate the relative risk(RR) and95%confidenceinterval(95%CI).Results1. There were545individuals without hypertension and other cardiovasculardiseases were selected as the cohort population and were followed up from2010to2013. There were480males and65females in the cohort, and the age of the cohortwere ranged from45-89years old.2. There were93individuals (17.1%) with the family history of hypertensionand69individuals (12.8%) with other cardiovascular disease; there were95individuals (17.4%) smoking,88individuals (16.1%) drinking;126individuals(23.1%) had the high-fat diet and279individuals (51.2%) had the heavy-salt diet;there were17.6%persons doing exercises once a day. The frequency ofhypertriglycerdermia, hyperuricemi and impaired fasting glucose were35.3%and 18.7%in the cohort, respectively.3. There were1635person years were followed during the whole period offollow-up with none of the lost of follow up. There were65new cases ofhypertension (11.9%of the cumulative incidence),34new cases of othercardiovascular diseases (6.23%of the cumulative incidence) and33new cases ofimpaired fasting glucose (6.1%of the cumulative incidence).4. Compared the cumulative incidence of the cardiovascular diseases amongthe different cohorts, the cumulative incidence of hypertension in males weresignificantly higher than that in females（P＜0.05）；the cumulative incidence ofcardiovascular diseases in the population more than60years old were significantlyhigher than that in those less than60years old（P＜0.05）; the cumulative incidenceof cardiovascular diseases in the smoking population were significantly higher thanthat of nonsmoking groups（P＜0.05）; population with high-fat diet or high salt dietalways had higher cumulative incidence of cardiovascular diseases（P＜0.05）.5. High uric acid group had higher cumulative incidence of cardiovasculardiseases, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases were2.35times than those withnormal level of uric acid; High hypertriglycerdermia group also had highercumulative incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and the risk of cardiovasculardiseases were2.35times than those with normal level of serum triglycerdermia; highfast blood glucose group had higher cumulative incidence of hypertension, and therisk of hypertension were1.66times than those with normal level of blood glucose;while there were no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of othercardiovascular diseases between the higher FBG group and the normal controls (P＞0.05).6. The results of logistic regression showed aging, family history ofcardiovascular disease, overweight and obesity, smoking, high fat and high salt diet,high level of uric acid were the important risk factors of hypertension and othercardiovascular diseases. Conclusion1. There were high prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovasculardiseases among the elderly and retired cadres in Shenyang. There were also highfrequency of smoking, high fat and high salt diet habit and physical inactivity,hypertriglycerdermia, and hyperuricemia in the cohort of the elderly and retiredcadres in Shenyang.2.Aging, family history of cardiovascular disease, overweight and obesity,smoking, high fat and high salt diet, high level of uric acid (hyperuricemia) wereare the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease among the elderly and retiredcadres in Shenyang. |
PDF Full Text Request