The Expression And Mechanism Of ALCAM, E-cadherin And β-catenin In Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Objective:In our research, we detected gene and protein expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through 54 patiens surffering from PTC,16 patiens surffering from nodular goiter (NG) and 10 healthy persons. To explore the mechanisms of ALCAM, E-cadherin and P-catenin in PTC,we hope provide the basis of diagnosis and treatment for PTC.Methods:1 Cases collection and grouping:54 cases of PTC specimens and serum (PTC group),16 cases of nodular goiter specimens and serum(NG group),10 cases of normal tissues adjacent to the tumors and 10cases serum of healthy persons (N group) with integrity clinical pathological datas were collected from January 1,2013 to January 1,2014 year.Those specimens were resected by First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University operation and tested by pathology diagnose.2 We detected the expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the serum of 54 patiens surffering from PTC,16 patiens surffering from nodular goiter (NG) and 10 healthy persons by ELISA.3 We observed the expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the tissue of PTC and NG by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot to analyze their relationship between the expression and clinical pathological features. By the contrast, we also observed the expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma.4 We detected the ALCAM mRNA expression in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma and in the tissue of papillary thyroid carcinoma and nodular goiter by real time PCR.5 We analyzed the experimental results by SPSS17.0 statistical software.Results:1 The results of ELISA experiment showed that ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin were detected in the serum of 54 patiens surffering from PTC,16 patiens surffering from NG and 10 healthy persons. Importantly, the expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the serum of PTC were significantly higher than those of NG and healthy persons. However, the expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the serum of nodular goiter were not different than that of healthy persons.2 The results of immunohistochemical experiment showed that the positive expression of ALCAM in the tissue of PTC located cell membrane and cytoplasm stained by brown yellow particles. However, the positive expression of ALCAM in the tissue of NG mostly located cell membrane and partly located cytoplasm stained by pale yellow particles. And the positive expression of ALCAM in the tissue of PTC were significantly higher than in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma and in the tissue of NG(p<0.05).The positive expression of β-catenin in the tissue of PTC only located cytoplasm and nucleus in contrast with the positive expression of P-catenin in the tissue of NG and the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma.The ectopic expression rate of β-catenin in the tissue of PTC were significantly higher than in in the tissue of NG and the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma (p< 0.05).The positive expression of E-cadherin in the tissue of NG and the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma mainly located cell membrane and cytoplasm stained by brown yellow particles. Howerver, there were little expression in the tissue of PTC.The expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the tissue of nodular goiter were not different than in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma(p>0.05). The results indicated that the abnormal expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and P-catenin were positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis and clinical stage of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and had nothing to do with the patients age, sex and tumor size.3 The results of real time PCR experiment showed that the expression of ALCAM in the tissue of papillary thyroid carcinoma were significantly higher than in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma and in the tissue of nodular goiter(p<0.05). However, the expression of ALCAM in the tissue of nodular goiter were not different than in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma(p> 0.05).4 The results of Western Blot experiment showed that the expression of ALCAM and β-catenin in the tissue of papillary thyroid carcinoma were significantly higher than in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma and in the tissue of nodular goiter(p<0.05). On the contrary, the expression of E-cadherin in the tissue of papillary thyroid carcinoma were significantly lower than in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma and in the tissue of nodular goiter(p<0.05). However, the expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the tissue of nodular goiter were not different than in the normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma(p>0.05).5 By SPSS 17.0 statistical software analysis, the results indicated that the positive expression of ALCAM was positively correlated with the ectopic expression of β-catenin(r=0.404,p=0.002) and the low expression of E-cadherin(r=0.269,p=0.049). The results also indicated that the ectopic expression of β-catenin was positively correlated with the low expression of E-cadherin(r=0.309, β=0.023).Conclusion:Our research indicated that the abnormal expression of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in PTC was related with tumor metastasis and development. So joint detection of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the clinical may contribute to early diagnose PTC. Moreover, joint detection of ALCAM, E-cadherin and β-catenin was an important indicator of prognosis for PTC.