| ObjectiveComparing and summarizing the present situation of formulas from Japanese Kampo medicines. Distinguishing both the similarities and differences between them for the desire clarification them. It could further improve quality of the Coding System of Formulas at the ISO, GB and SZ standard level, and be the foundation work of TCM standardization, economic trade and academic exchanges. And further promote the TCM cause to provide better health service for people.MethodsComparatively studying on 148 Kampo Medicines for Prescription, by textual criticism, philology, formulaology, historiography, linguistics, pharmacology method, for their formulas text, origin, name, composition, dosage, dosage forms, etc.,based on relevent report from Japan Kampo Manufacturers Association (JKMA), ISO/TC249 project Coding system of Formulas from SAC of China, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia, OTC Kampo formulation manual, and the TCM classics. This synthesizationg, induction, comparison, analysis could discuss the Kampo formulas about their historical features of change throught TCM ancient books.ResultsComparison was carried mainly on several aspects:(1) Han characters comparison:Japanese medical term use Han characters extensively. Mostly they are the same as the Chinese characters in simplified or traditional. Also the different ones, carrying the same contentessence, are ancient Chinese characters used as old style of different periods in ancient China. (2) Formulas source comparison:100 Kampo Medicines for Prescription derives from exactly the same TCM books, that is Prescriptions People’s Welfare Pharmacy, Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases,, etc. They also reflect on the course of empirical formula, later generation’s prescriptions, classical prescription. These are 21 Japanese formulas, being the gathering form, adding and subtracting form, and shifting form of Chinese formulas. (3) Formula names comparison:Kampo Medicines for Prescription are almostly the same with Chinese formulas expect 19 slightly different prescriptions. These different names had occurred in the medical books in China by shifting the description such as formulations and abbreviation. (4)Formulas composition comparison:. Kampo Medicines for Prescription general used crude drugs instead processed ones, expect Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, and adix Glycyrrhizae Preparata. By comparing drug sources in pharmacopoeia of Japan and China,121 medicines are of same species,52 same genus but of different species, totally 98.2 percents. It shows the consistent of drug source, and the need to pay attention to medicines of homonym name with different source or medicinal part due to different use habits and pharmaceutical change. There exists differences among the prescriptions of ingredients, but the basic consistent are the same with the origin of TCM. This difference is to combining with Japanese national conditions without complicated processing methods. And dosage of Kampo prescription is lighter than TCM formulas, considering the drug quality, Japanese people constitution, the theory abandoning four properties, five tastes and meridian tropism parts. (5) Formula dosage form comparison:Kampo prescription give priority to i extraction, granules and powder.While ointments, pills and tablets are also included.ConclusionKampo medicines originated from China, being content with TCM, combining with its own long-term clinical practice experience, absorbing the essence of TCM, and forming its own unique. It aslo use Kampo Medicines for Prescription and standardlization to promote the self development. It deserved deep considering and researching. |
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