Risk Factor Analysis Of Preschool Recurrent Wheezing And Asthma In School Children

Objective To study the risk factors of preschool recurrent wheezing and asthma in school children. To understand the characteristics of asthma cases in school children.Methods The clinical data from 1021 children were collected through a questionnaire, including the recurrent wheezing children(410 cases) and the asthma school children(104 cases),with the control group 406 cases and 101 cases respectively. The risk factors of preschool wheezing and asthma in school children were investigated by logistic regression analysis. The characteristics of asthma cases in school children were reviewed.Results Preschool wheezing was associated with premature delivery, caesarean section, early weight gain(0-3m), food allergy, allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking, viral infection and mycoplasma infection. The logistic regression analysis showed that premature delivery, early weight gain(0-3m), eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking, viral infection and mycoplasma infection were the risk factors of preschool wheezing(premature delivery:OR=7.858,95%CI 4.179~14.775,P<0.05;early weight gain(0-3m):OR= 2.706,95%CI 1.791~4.090,P<0.05;eczema:OR=6.539,95%CI 4.395~9.731,P<0.05;asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents:OR=3.632,95%CI 2.490~5.297,P<0.05;passive smoking:OR=1.972,95%CI 1.362~2.855,P<0.05;viral infection:OR= 6.487,95%CI 3.990~10.545,P<0.05;mycoplasma infection: OR=6.131,95%CI 2.997~12.540,P<0.05). Asthma in school children was associated with premature delivery, early weight gain(0-3m), food allergy, allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking and viral infection. The logistic regression analysis showed that premature delivery, early weight gain(0-3m), allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking and viral infection were the risk factors of asthma in school(premature delivery:OR=26.198,95%,CI 4.805~142.852,P<0.05;early weight gain(0-3m):OR=9.888,95%CI 3.321~29.438,P<0.05;allergic rhinitis:OR=7.709,95%CI 2.452~24.237,P<0.05;eczema:OR=7.554,95%CI 2.752~20.733,P<0.05;asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents:OR=9.849,95%CI 3.484~27.839,P<0.05;passive smoking:OR=23.120,95%CI 7.937~67.345,P<0.05;viral infection:OR=6.938,95%CI 2.077~23.173,P<0.05). There were 104 diagnosed asthma school children. The number of boy was higher than that in girl(69.2%:30.8%). 66.3%(69cases) of children had the asthma-related symptoms under 3 years of age. The top one triggers for asthma attack was respiratory infection(89.4%), next were weather changes(85.6%), exercise(42.3%) and other triggers(27.9%), including food, exposing to smoking etc. 23.1%(24cases) of children did not have asthma attack during past one year. The children who had to require hospitalization on account of asthma were 40 cases(38.5%).Their parents and grandparents had asthma or allergic rhinitis with 58.7% and 23.1% respectively. 104 school children had nasal symptoms(51%), eczema(59.6%), food allergy(20.2%) or positive allergen skin prick test(26%).Conclusion Premature delivery, early weight gain(0-3m), eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking, viral infection and mycoplasma infection are the risk factors of preschool recurrent wheezing. Premature delivery, early weight gain(0-3m), allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking and viral infection are the risk factors of asthma in school children. Asthma in school children has characteristics of gender and age. The most important trigger of asthma is respiratory infection. Treatment of asthma needs further improvement. Family history and personal allergic history have strong relationship with asthma.