Analysis The Antihypertensive Effect Of “Shangshida No.5” Giant Embryo Brown Rice In Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension is one of the most common lifestyle-related diseases, and treatment of hypertension is a long-term process. Because many drugs have some side effects, and now people are more inclined to use natural food or the active ingredient as a functional food to suppress, control or treatment of hypertension. Rice is one of the world’s leading foods, scientific and rational use the rice can make it into a rich nutrients and physiological functions of healthy food. Brown rice is one of the rice that only through the husking process but without the milled white process, and therefore retained the cortex and germ. Compared with white rice, brown rice contains more nutrients, such as dietary fiber, phytic acid, vitamin E, oryzanol and so on. Giant embryo rice is a special kind of rice, which has a largger embryo. The present report shows that compare with normal brown rice, the giant embryo brown rice contains more nutrients, such as γ- aminobutyric acid, vitamins E, oryzanol, crude protein, nsaturated fatty acids, and some trace elements. Some of the present studies have shown that the use of giant embryo rice can alleviate the high cholesterol, high blood sugar and other diseases, but has no information on whether the giant embryo rice have a antihypertension effect. "Shangshida NO.5" giant embryo rice is new giant embryo rice, its gene mutation from "Chao2-10" small embryo brown rice, and found the giant embryo rice contain more rich γ- aminobutyric acid, vitamin E and other nutrients. In addition, the study also showed that brown rice can significantly increase the content of different nutrients through germination.In order to explore the antihypertension effect of "Shangshida NO.5" giant embryo rice in high blood pressure animals, in this study, we used spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) as experimental animals and divided into four groups, and fed four different feeds: 100% rat chow(Control), 40% "Chao2-10" small embryo brown rice and 60% rat chow(C2-10), 40% "5 aboard Normal" giant embryo rice and 60% rat chow(GER), 40% " Shangshida NO.5" germinated brown rice and 60% rat chow(PGER). During the test, the normotensive rats(WKY) as experimental animals fed with 40% "Shangshida NO.5" giant embryo brown rice and 60% rat chow(WKY), to investigate the influence of "Shangshida NO.5" giant embryo brown rice in normotensive rats. During the eight weeks, we detect blood pressure and heart rate in the five groups of rats, and after 8 weeks, analysis of plasma and kidney biochemical parametes, weighing the heart, spleen, kidney and liver organ weight, and four kinds of important gene expression analysis in the renin-angiotensin system.The results are as follows: In SHR rats, compared with Control, C2-10, GER and PGER can significantly slow the growth of systolic blood pressure(P <0.01); diastolic blood test results show that C2-10, GER and PGER can significantly inhibited the growth of diastolic blood(P <0.01), but there have some suppressing fluctuations of C2-10; throughout the test period, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of normotensive WKY rats were maintained in the normal range; in all of the rats, HR have no significant change. Plasma biochemical analysis suggests that C2-10 can significantly reduced creatinine, renin and norepinephrine(P <0.05), GER can significantly reduce creatinine, norepinephrine, renin and malondialdehyde in SHR plasma(P< 0.05), while PGER can significantly reduce serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, norepinephrine, renin, angiotensin Ⅱ, aldosterone, malondialdehyde and significantly improved the total antioxidant capacity in SHR plasma(P <0.05). Kidney biochemical analysis showed that C2-10 which only can significantly reduce the malondialdehyde content(P <0.05), both GER and PGER can significantly reduce malondialdehyde and significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in SHR kidney(P <0.05). After the rats were sacrificed and the ratio of organs weight divided by body weight results show that normotensive rat heart, liver and kidney tissue ratio less than hypertensive rats, while no significant changes in spleen weight. In addition, plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride test results showed that only PGER can significantly reduce plasma triglyceride levels in SHR. In the kidney as materials, we use quantitative RT-PCR to analysis the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, angiotensin receptor 1 gene, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 gene and specific receptors gene of Mas receptor to angiotensin 1-7. The test results showed that angiotensin converting enzyme gene and angiotensin receptor gene expression in normotensive rats WKY was less than the Control group, and its Mas receptor gene expression levels higher than Control group; but in the four groups of SHR, the expression of four genes has not found significantly different.The results of this study suggest that "Shangshida NO.5" giant embryo rice and "Shangshida NO.5" germinated brown rice can effectively alleviate the high blood pressure in SHR, where the antihypertensive effect of "Shangshida NO.5" germinated brown rice is more obvious; and "Shangshida NO.5" giant embryo rice on blood pressure in normotensive rats had no effect. Thus, "Shangshida NO.5" giant embryo rice can be used as a good candidate for a healthy food for the prevention or alleviation of the symptoms of hypertension.