Association Between Metabolic Syndrome And Obesity In Children And Adolescents

BackgroundIn recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the level of people living have improved, the change of life style and dietary structure accelerated the occurrence of obesity, which had been defined by World Health Organization as the metabolic disease spread in all over the world, and had become a worldwide public health problem. Metabolic syndrome(MS) is a kind of clinical syndromes, which is constituted by obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. It is closely related to life style, central obesity is the core component of it, it is risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In recent years, MS began to spread across the globe. According to reports, in developed countries the prevalence of MS in adults is 10% to 15%,and 5% to 8% in children and adolescents.The prevalence of MS is not optimistic in our country. Survey shows that in 2005 the prevalence of MS in adults males is9.8%, females is 17.8%, children is 3.2%, and it’s 3.4% and 3.0% respectively in male and female. Obesity is a kind of chronic metabolic disease. MS is a syndrome, which gathered a variety of metabolic disorders, include obesity. It had caused some scholars attention whether can obesity lead to the MS and related components prevalence increased.Many studies have found that, obesity is closely related to MS. Overweight and obesity children are more prone to have aggregation of hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and other risk factors, they have higher risk to suffer from metabolic syndrome.Metabolic syndrome has already become popular among children, However, studies on large sample about children MS is still very rare, literature review found that data about MS in children and adolescents is limited in Shandong province, so we select some children in Jinan city as our study research subjects, to analysise the trends of MS, to investigate the relationship between obesity and MS, provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of childhood MS.ObjectTo estimate the prevalence and distribution of obesity and MS among children and adolescents in Jinan city.To investigate the relationship between obesity and MS.Subjects and MethodsStudy from the twelfth five-year National Science and Technology Support Program "study on warning, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in children". We used the convenience cluster sampling method to select students from four Jinan urban middle-level school, includes one senior middle school, one junior middle school and two primary schools. The subjects we selected should live in Jinan at least one year or their residence was Jinan, and aged 6-17years old. Subjects of this study are choosed(extracted) from above research those can participate blood testing program voluntary.1265 people signed an informed consent, it includes 643 boys and 622 girls.We used cross sectional study, and the index we measured include height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, High-density lipoprotein and triglycerides.Data was analyzed with SPSS, version 17.0. Descriptive analysis was used to compare the general situation of the indicators.t-test was used to compare the mean between gender, variance analysis was used to compare the quantitative indicators mean value among normal weight, overweight and obesity, chi-square test was used to compare the detection rate of overweight and obesity, metabolic syndrome and its components, logistic regression models were used to examine associations between obesity and MS. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsThe detection rate of obesity in children and adolescents was 14.8%, central obesity was 13.5%, simple general obesity was 3.9%, simple central obesity was 2.6%, mixed obesity (children with both general and central obesity) was 10.9%.The prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) was 6.7%, it was 0.9%,6.4% and 34.2% in normal weight, overweight and obesity, respectively. The rate in simple general obesity, simple central obesity, mixed obesity was 10.2%,27.3%,42.0%, respectively.The prevalence of MS related components:central obesity, high blood pressure, low-HDL, elevated FPG, elevated TG was 13.5%,20.3%,15.4%,15.7%,13.0%, respectively. In normal weight, overweight and obesity, the rate of high blood pressure was 13.1%,28.9% and 44.4%, respectively, the rate of low-HDL was 11.7%,17.6%, 30.5%, respectively, elevated FPG was 14.0%,21.0%,17.6%,respectively, elevated TG was 9.2%,13.7% and 29.9%,respectively. The differences of MS related components detection rate among normal weight, overweight, obesity was significant. The prevalence of high blood pressure, low-HDL, elevated FPG, elevated TG was 44.7%,28.7%,20.5%,29.2%, respectively, in central obesity children and adolescents. The prevalence of high blood pressure in simple general obesity, simple central obesity, mixed obesity was 30.6%,27.3%,49.3%, respectively. The rate of low-HDL was 22.4%,12.1%,32.6%, respectively. The rate of elevated FPG was 14.3%,27.3%, 18.8%, respectively. The rate of elevated TG was 20.4%,15.2%,32.6%, respectively. The difference of high blood pressure rate and low-HDL rate in three type of obesity was significant while the rate of elevated FPG and elevated TG were no-significant.Logistic regression models show that overweight and obesity was strongly associated with MS and related components. Compared with normal weight, overweight and obesity was more likely to have MS (overweight:OR=7.35, 95%CI=:3.01-17.98; obesity:OR=56.20,95%CI=26.31-120.03). Compared with normal weight, simple general obesity, simple central obesity and mixed obesity was more likely to have MS(simple general obesity OR=9.01,95%CI:3.08-26.40; simple central obesity OR=29.74,95%CI:11.60-76.24; mixed obesity OR=57.5, 95%CI:30.23-109.37). All the subjects, there was51.3% people have at least one component of MS, the rate in normal weight, overweight and obesity was 40.0%, 64.9% and 88.8%, respectively.Conclusion1.The prevalence of MS in Jinan children and adolescents had reached a high level.2.Obese children has a higher risk to suffer MS than overweight and normal weight children. The children with both general and central obesity has the highest risk to suffer MS.3.Obesity children and adolescents were more likely to have MS related components aggregation.