Levels Of Estrogen, Androgen, And Vitamin D And Its Receptor In Serum And Thyroid Tissue Of Patients With Thyroid Nodule

Objective: Thyroid nodule is one of the most common clinical Thyroid benign lesions.Its etiology is still unknown, probably caused by many factors, such as genetic, estrogen.According to the epidemiology, according to the results of patients with nodular goiter more for women, but in postmenopausal women and men of the same age the incidence of Thyroid nodule is similar, and increases with age.In addition, the research has been preliminarily determined that estrogen is its effect on promoting proliferation of for Thyroid cancer cells.And based on that the pathogenesis of nodular goiter may be associated with estrogen levels.Men and postmenopausal women, however, their nodule formation is associated with estrogen levels?Androgen is another kind of sex hormone steroid hormone, via its specific receptor mediated also play a variety of biological effects, is also a synthetic estrogen precursor.Studies have shown that androgen receptors in the tissue of Thyroid carcinoma positive rate was 42.5%, the prompt androgens may play a role in the occurrence of Thyroid nodule.This is associated with the formation of thyroid nodule?Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin for open loop steroidal hormones.Research confirms that the role of vitamin D have Thyroid stimulating apoptosis, autoimmune Thyroid disease is associated with vitamin D deficiency.Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the occurrence of Thyroid nodule?In order to determine the factors related to whether the formation of Thyroid nodule, this experiment by men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women with Thyroid nodule as the research object, the determination of the peripheral blood and nodular tissue and normal tissue adjacent to nodules of estradiol(E2), estrogen receptor(ERα, ERβ), androgen receptor(AR), the levels of vitamin D receptor system(VDR), serum Thyroid function index, estradiol(E2), testosterone(T) and androgen 25-hydroxyitamin D levels(on behalf of the levels of vitamin D), and to discuss the relationship between these factors and Thyroid nodule formation and provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods:1 Materials and groupingThis experiment used specimens taken from the Second Hospital, Hebei medical university gland surgery in May 2014 to August resection of Thyroid neoplasm.By pathological diagnosis of Thyroid nodule samples, divided into nodules and normal tissue adjacent to nodules, were put in cryopreserved tubes, frozen at 80 ℃ in the refrigerator, used for E2, ERα, ERβ, the determination of AR system, and the VDR.Acquisition of preoperative fasting serum Thyroid neoplasm patients at the same time, used for Thyroid function, testosterone, estradiol, the determination of 25-hydroxyitamin D.The experimental group and control group, serum specimens of which all are from the same patient.2 The determination of serum Thyroid functionUse direct chemiluminescence determination of FT3, FT4, TSH concentrations in serum.3 The determination of serum testosterone and estradiolThe chemiluminescence method is adopted, with the United States beckman Kurt Unicel Dxi 800 Access immunoassay system instruments measure the serum testosterone(T) and estradiol(E2) levels.4The determination of serum 25-hydroxyitamin DBy using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), producing by Immunodiagnosticsytems 25-hydroxyitamin D assay kits, BIO- enzyme TEK ELx800 standard instrument in the United States, determine the content of serum 25-hydroxyitamin D.5 Thyroid organization system of E2, AR, VDR, the determination of ERα, ERβBy using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), optimal, born with Wuhan biological engineering co., LTD. The production of estradiol(E2) test kit, androgen receptor(AR) test kits, vitamin D receptor system(VDR) detection kits, estrogen receptor(ERα, ERβ) detection kits, BIO- in the United States TEK ELx800 enzyme standard instrument, measure the nodular tissue and normal tissue adjacent to nodules of E2, AR system, VDR, the content of ERα, ERβ.6 Data analysisThe experimental data for the statistical analysis by SPSS 21.0 software.Data after inspection, all do not accord with normal distribution, so the measurement data with median(minimum and maximum), said the differences between the groups with rank and test analysis, P < 0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.Correlation between the use of Spearman rank correlation analysis, P < 0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.Results: 1 General informationSpecimens of 42 cases of Thyroid nodule and nodule near normal tissue samples, specimens are in pairs.Women in 33 cases, aged 16-71, divided into the premenopausal women group(14) and group(19) in postmenopausal women;9 cases of male, aged 18-83, for the male group. 2 In serum Thyroid functionFor patients with serum FT3, FT4, TSH concentrations were in normal range, all had normal Thyroid function. 3 Patients with Thyroid nodules in serum testosterone, estradiol, and 25-hydroxyitamin D leels. 3.1 Serum level of testosterone(T)Serum testosterone level of patients in the normal range.Male is [2.88(0.04 7.03)ng/ml], premenopausal women testosterone levels [0.31(0.13 0.77)ng/ml] and postmenopausal women testosterone levels [0.23(0.04 2.77)ng/ml].By the single sample rank and inspection, high men than women( Z=-3.051, P=0.002), premenopausal the postmenopausal high(Z=-2.023,P=0.043). 3.2 Serum estradiol(E2) levelsThe single sample rank and inspection, patients serum estradiol level: men for [25(16 78) pg/ml ]in the normal range(7.63 42.6)pg/ml, less than premenopausal women estradiol levels [ 39(20 253)pg/ml, P<0.05], but with estradiol levels in postmenopausal women, [ 23(11 37)pg/ml] no statistical difference;Premenopausal and postmenopausal levels were within the normal range. 3.3 Serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D(25- OH- Vit D) levelPatients with the single sample rank and inspection, 25- hydroxy serum vitamin D levels: male is 49.01(26.41 81.71) nmol/L, premenopausal women 25-hydroxyitamin D levels was 40.88(19.23 77.96) nmol/L;Postmenopausal women 25-hydroxyitamin D leels of 23(19.30 122.51) nmol/L.No statistical difference between the three.Three groups of patients with Thyroid nodules are lack of vitamin D status. 4 Patients with Thyroid nodule Thyroid tissue of estradiol(E2) level of estrogen receptor(ERα, ERβ). 4.1 Thyroid tissues estradiol(E2) levelsMale nodule group E2 levels [11.17(9.84 15.03)pg/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules E2 levels [4.16(3.00 6.02)pg/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-3.58, P < 0.01).Premenopausal women nodule group E2 levels [12.05(8.98 21.67)pg/ml ]is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules E2 levels [3.96(2.64 5.61)pg/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-4.5, P < 0.001).Postmenopausal women nodule group E2 levels [11.38(5.17 15.75)pg/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules E2 levels [4.18(2.62 6.98)pg/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-5.153, P < 0.001). 4.2 Thyroid tissue level of estrogen receptor α(ERα)Male nodal group of ERαlevel [23.41(20.94 31.23)ng/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules ERαlevel [18.51(14.68 20.76)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant((Z =-3.576, P < 0.001).Premenopausal women nodal group of ERα level [24.28(18.09 30.51) ng/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules ERα level [3.96(2.64 5.61)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z=-4.044, P < 0.001).Postmenopausal women nodal group of ERαlevel [24.73(17.48 51.48) ng/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules ERαlevel [17.34(12.05 23.32)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-4.511, P < 0.001). 4.3 Thyroid tissue level of estrogen receptor β(ERβ)Male nodule group level [13.85(11.61 23.85)ng/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules ERβlevel[9.62(6.94 11.44)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-3.58, P < 0.001).Premenopausal women nodal group of ERβlevel[13.72(9.31 22.62)pg/ml ]is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules ERβlevel[9.11(7.20 12.83)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-4.043, P < 0.001).Postmenopausal women nodal group of ERβlevel [15.25(8.85 47.44)pg/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules ERβlevel[8.75(5.33 13.78)pg/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-4.54, P < 0.001). 5 Patients with Thyroid nodule Thyroid tissue level of androgen receptor(AR)Male nodule group AR levels [4.69(3.07 5.23)ng/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules AR levels [2.71(1.70 3.72)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z=-3.046,P=0.002).Premenopausal women nodule group AR levels [4.53(3.49 5.25)ng/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules AR levels [2.95(2.28 3.66)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =- 4.227, P < 0.001).Postmenopausal women nodule group AR levels [4.75(3.19 5.69)ng/ml] is higher than in normal tissue adjacent to nodules AR levels [2.99(2.07 3.95)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-4.818, P < 0.001). 6 Vitamin D receptor in patients with Thyroid nodule Thyroid organization system(VDR) levelMale nodules system set of VDR level [2.58(2.24 3.46)ng/ml] below the level system in normal tissue adjacent to nodules VDR [4.27(3.64 8.40)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-3.576, P < 0.001).Premenopausal women nodules system set of VDR level [2.66(1.91 3.00)ng/ml] below the level in the system in normal tissue adjacent to nodules VDR [4.30(3.41 10.41)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z=-4.503, P < 0.001).Postmenopausal women nodules system set of VDR level [2.61(2.21 3.83)ng/ml] below the level system in normal tissue adjacent to nodules VDR [4.44(3.37 12.52)ng/ml], the difference was statistically significant(Z =-5.153, P < 0.001).Conclusions:1 Thyroid nodule local high E2 level and high ERαand ERβ level related to the occurrence of a nodule.2 high thyroid nodule local AR levels may be associated with the formation of Thyroid nodule.3 a lack of Vitamin D and Thyroid nodule system local low VDR levels associated with the formation of Thyroid nodule.