| Backgrounds:Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been used in clinical diagnosis and treatment as an indicator that reflects vascular stiffness, but epidemiological data of PWV among community elderly population are still lacking in China.Objectives:To determine the reference value of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and its relevant determinants among elderly community participants in Shanghai.Methods:Cross-sectional research design was introduced in the present study. A representative population in Shanghai rural district aged more than65years who participated in the heart health survey of the key projects in the national science and technology pillar program in the eleventh five-year plan period of China were sampled via a clustered complex sampling method. Baseline information including cardiovascular diseases and the baPWV were obtained to analyze the distribution of baPWV in the elderly population. Then healthy old participants were sifted and95percentile of baPWV values measured among these healthy old participants were defined as upper limits of reference value for each group, abnormal baPWV were those higher than the reference values accordingly. Logistic regression analysis was introduced in the present study to analyze major determinants of baPWV and p<0.05was statistically significant. Results:(1) There were1492participants (74.3±4.8yr) included in this study, among which were594males (39.81%) and898females (60.19%).(2) There were691healthy old participants in the present study who were then divided into4groups according to their age which were65-69yr group,70-74yr group,75-79yr group as well as80-yr group. The upper limits of baPWV reference value for each group in healthy male participants were2494cm/s,2255cm/s,2451cm/s,2779cm/s, respectively. The upper limits of baPWV reference value for each group in healthy female participants were2517cm/s,2732cm/s,2870cm/s,2862cm/s, respectively. The upper limits of baPWV reference value for each group in the whole healthy participants were2494cm/s,2503cm/s,2646cm/s,2811cm/s, respectively.(3) Univariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, SBP, TC, TG, diabetes, smoke and dyslipideamia were major determinants of baPWV. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed the major determinants of baPWV were age, SBP, HDL-C and diabetes. The OR (95%CI) values of4age groups were1,2.19(0.87,5.51),3.8(1.54,9.35),5.98(2.24,16.00), respectively. The OR (95%CI) values of SBP, HDL-C and diabetes were1.05(1.03,1.07),0.39(0.17,0.87),1.83(1.04,3.21), respectively. Conclusions:Age, SBP, HDL-C and diabetes were the major determinants for baPWV in Shanghai rural community. The upper limits of baPWV reference value for the four age groups in healthy male participants were2494cm/s,2255cm/s,2451cm/s,2779cm/s, respectively. The upper limits of baPWV reference value for the four age groups in healthy female participants were2517cm/s,2732cm/s,2870cm/s,2862cm/s, respectively. The upper limits of baPWV reference value for the four age groups in the whole healthy participants were2494cm/s,2503cm/s,2646cm/s,2811cm/s, respectively. Backgrounds:Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of the systemic atherosclerosis, and is also the risk equivalent of coronary artery disease (CAD). The prevalence of PAD is usually high but underestimated among elderly population, while relevant reports are relatively few for this special group of elderly community population.Objectives:To investigate the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and its risk factors among elederly community participants.Methods:A total of1492participants aged more than65years participated in this part of study. Baseline information including cardiovascular diseases and the ankle brachial index (ABI) were obtained to analyze the prevalence of PAD in the elderly population. Specifically, ABI<0.9was defined as diagnostic criterion of PAD for each participant. Then Logistic regression analysis was introduced to analyze major risk factors of PAD and p<0.05was statistically significant.Results:(1) There were51participants were diagnosed with PAD among1492participants, thus the total prevalence of PAD was3.42%. Prevalences of male and female PAD patients were4.38%and2.78%, respectively. Prevalences of PAD patients combining with hypertention, diabetes as well as coronary artery disease (CAD)/stroke were5.30%,5.28%and9.52%, respectively.(2) ABI distributions of healthy population group, hypertension group, diabetic group as well as CAD/stroke groups were all negative skewed distribution and maximum number of participants of each group were located in the1.1-1.2interval. (3) Univariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, SBP, DBP, known hypertension, known CAD/stroke and smoke were major risk factors of PAD, while BMI, HDL-C and eGFR were protective factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age remained the risk facor of PAD after being adjusted with confounding factors. The OR value of80-yr group was3.11times that of65-69yr group. In addition, OR values of SBP and CAD/stoke were1.04(1.01,1.07) and3.14(1.32,7.46). On the other hand, BMI and HDL-C remained protective factors for PAD after being adjusted with confounding factors, with OR values being0.83(0.73,0.94) and0.27(0.09,0.87), respectively.Conclusions:The total prevalence of PAD was3.42%in Shanghai elderly community, while the prevalences of male and female PAD patients were4.38%and2.78%, respectively. Age, SBP and known CAD/stroke were major risk factors of PAD. Objectives:To study the association of baPWV with cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking.Methods:A total of1492participants aged more than65years participated in this part of study. Baseline information including cardiovascular diseases and the baPWV were obtained. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) statistics were used to analyze association of baPWV with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and p<0.05was statistically significant. Results:(1) The prevalence of the top three cardiovascular risk factors of both males and females are dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes.(2) Among1492elderly participants. There were statistical differences between males and females in baseline information of cardiovascular risk factors. Incidence of diabetes, dyslipedemia, obesity of female participants were higher than that of male conterparts, while proportion of smoking status were apparently lower than that of males (p<0.05). Proportion of females with none or only one risk factor was higher than males, while that with more than two risk factors was higher in males.(3) Absolute values of baPWV were higher for any hypertensive, diabetic as well as dyslipidemia participants than whom with no risk factor (p<0.05), meanwhile, participants with3or more risk factors have higher baPWV absolute values than whom with no risk factor (p=0.017).(4) A positive correlation was found between baPWV and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (p=0.0007). When age was controlled, baPWV and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors was still highly positive-correlated (p=0.0005).Conclusions:A positive correlation was found between baPWV and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. The higher values of baPWV increased, the more cardiovascular risk factors clustered. |
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