| Objective:Getting to know the distribution of schistosomiasis in the Dongting Lake areas after the implementation of the "National medium and long term plan for prevention and control schistosomiasis(from2004to2012)",to provide a reference for the reasonable allocation of schistosomiasis control resource and the adjustment of schistosomiasis prevention strategies.Methods:To analysis the schistosomiasis patients’condition, the state of livestock and the data of snails by using SPSS13.0and trend Chi-square tests. All of the data was collected from "The statistical data of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Hunan province"(from2005-2012) and the province’s surveillance information of schistosomiasis.Results:1. The detection rate of schistosomiasis in Hunan and the incidence of advanced schistosomiasis from2005to2012:In2012the detection rate of schistosomiasis in Hunan was6.31%which dropped by43.2%comparing with that in2005of11.11%. It dropped gradually in these8years testing by trend Chi-square test and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).In2012the incidence of advanced schistosomiasis was1.74per10,000which dropped by58.77%comparing with that in2005of4.22per10,000. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).2. Dynamic distribution of the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Hunan from2005to2012:The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Hunan was0.97%in2012which dropped by47.57%comparing with that in2005of1.85%. It dropped gradually over the past8years from2005to2012, as tested by trend Chi-square test and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).The prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis was9.03per10,000in2012and8.69per10,000in2005, but there was still fluctuation between any two years (P<0.001).3. The demographic distribution characteristics of the province’s advanced schistosomiasis prevalence in2005and2012:The prevalence of the70-year-old group’s advanced schistosomiasis was1.09per10,000in2005comparing with that in2012of2.27per10,000, and the increase was obvious. Comparing with2005, the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis reduced in the illiterate group, teachers and cadres besides the increase in the low education group and farmers. The difference of the advanced schistosomiasis prevalence distribution between2005and2012in different age groups, education levels, jobs was statistically significant (P<0.001).4. The distribution of detection rate of buffalo with schistosomiasis in Hunan from2005to2012:The detection rate of193,125buffalos in Hunan was1.23%in2012and3.58%of192,475buffalos in2005which went down by65.64%. It dropped gradually as seen by trend Chi-square test and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).5. The distribution of snail habitat areas and schistosomiasis-susceptible areas in Hunan in2005and2012:Actual snail habitat areas in2012was only1%less than that in2005, however it dropped by58.98%in inner embankment and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). It changed little (0.87%) in the length of schistosomiasis-susceptible areas from2005to2012, and its area dropped90.14%in2012than that in2005. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). 6. Dynamic distribution of the population’s infection rate of schistosomiasis monitoring sites in Dongting Lake areas:In2012, the population’s infection rate of schistosomiasis in17monitoring sites of Hunan went down by75.74%, but the population’s infection rate was1.88%in Changde,1.22%in Yueyang,2.08%in Yiyang. The population’s infection rate of the monitoring sites in the above three cities dropped gradually from2005to2012testing by trend Chi-square test and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).7. Dynamic distribution of buffalo infection rate of schistosomiasis monitoring sites in Dongting Lake areas:In2012, the buffalo infection rate of schistosomiasis in6monitoring sites of Changde went down by82.19%,89.64%in7monitoring sited of Yueyang,85.65%in4monitoring sites in Yiyang. The buffalo infection rate of the monitoring sites in the above three cities dropped greatly from2005to2012testing by trend Chi-square test and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01).8. Dynamic distribution of snails in outer embankment of schistosomiasis monitoring sites in Dongting Lake areas:The average density of snail distribution in outer embankment of schistosomiasis monitoring sites in Changde, Yueyang and Yiyang fluctuated between two years with the highest in Yueyang monitoring site (2.8768---4.9195/0.1m2), the second high in Changde monitoring site (0.4328-0.9176/0.1m2) and the lowest in Yiyang monitoring site (0.2790-0.4921/0.1m2).In2010,2011and2012, there were no infected snails found in the monitoring sites in the three cities.Conclusion:From2005to2012, the detection rate of human schistosomiasis in Hunan province decreased by43.20%, the incidence of advanced schistosomiasis decreased by58.77%, the prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis decreased by47.57%. The change of prevalence of advanced schistosomiasis was not obvious that in2005of8.69/ten thousand and in2012of9.03/ten thousand. The detection rate of buffalo schistosomiasis went down by65.64%in Hunan province, schistosomiasis-susceptible area went down by90.14%, comparing with2005, human infection rate in schistosomiasis monitoring sites decreased by77.45%and buffalo infection rate decreased by86.79%in2012. There were no infected snails found in the monitoring sites in Yueyang, Changde and Yiyang from2010to2012. The epidemic situation of schistosomiasis has greatly improved over these8consecutive years, which has paved a solid foundation for realizing the medium and long term objective in2015. However, comparing with2005, the actual snail habitat area was only1%less and the length of schistosomiasis-susceptible areas was only0.87%less in2012, and there were still snails in the inner embankment areas. The infection rate of buffalo schistosomiasis in Changde and Yiyang monitoring sites was above2%. As a result, there is still great challenge in front of the schistosomiasis control in Dongting Lake areas and there is still a long way to go to reach the goal in2015. More effort is still required to control the origin of infection and to make sure the realization of the schistosomiasis control objective in2015of Hunan province. |
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