Studies On The Antidepressant Effect And Mechanisms Of Zhishi And Synephrine

With the development of our society, varities of mental diseases come out. Depression has now been one of the main mental diseases against humanity. Experts predict that if we do not take corresponding measures to prevent depression, to2020depression will become the second largest worldwide mental illness. At present, some western medicine, which have remarkable curative effects are on sale. These western medicine have such advantages as convenient and effective, but they also have side effects. If depressed patients use these western medicine for long-term, it will bring secondary damage to them. Therefore, we focus our eyes on the study of Chinese antidepressant products, which almost have no side effects.ZHISHI is one of the sansei acacia brink components, its main active ingredient is synephrine. At present, sansei acacia brink has been used to treat patients with depression in some part of zhejiang. The clinical results show that sansei acacia brink has great antidepressant effect, and the most attractive advantage is that sansei acacia brink is almost without any side effects. The founder of sansei acacia brink conclucd that sansei acacia brink treat depression through reducing the time of food in the stomach. The main function of ZHISHI is promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis. Much research has been done for this topic, but there are still no positive results. Combining with the two reasons, we decided to study the effect of ZHISHI singly used to treat depression.Predecessors have concluded that synephrine can improve the behavior of depression rat, but there have no neural biochemical researches done to explain the mechanism of its action.In this paper, we use chronic unpre-dictable stress (CUMS) plus singly housed rat model. After the treatment of different medicine, we can discuss the effect and mechanism of ZHSIHI and synephrine with the resules concluding from data analysis:1) After4weeks CUMS plus singly housed modeling, we tested the behavior of all the rats.The results showed that there had significant difference between model group and normal group. It means our modeling was successful. Continuous stimulating and administrating for4weeks, we took the behavior testing. The results showed that synephrine and ZHISHI could improve the degree of depression with moderate regulation. Synephrine is much more better than ZHISHI.2) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescent assay (HPLC-FLD) was used for testing the monoamine neural transmitter content in cerebral cortex. The results showed that the neural transmitter content of modeling group was lower than normal group significiantly. This prove the success of modeling from the angle of neural biochemical level. After the administration, compared with the model group, the norepinephrine (NE) content of synephrine group exists statistical difference, serotonin (5-HT) content exists significant statistics difference. Serotonin (5-HT) content of ZHISHI exists statistical difference. The statistical average of the rest index content of this two medicine are higher than model group. From the above evidence, we can draw the conclution:synephrine and ZHISHI could improve the content of monoamine neural transmitter. Synephrine is much more better than ZHISHI.3) Determination of the glucocorticoid cortisone in rat brain by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the cortisone content of model group is much higher than normal group, this prove the success of modeling. Compared with the model group, the cort content of synephrine group exists statistics difference. But it is still higher than normal and fluoxetine group. The cort content of ZHISHI group exists no statistics difference, but it is lower than model group. From the above evidence, we can draw the conclution:synephrine and ZHISHI have the ability to improve the content of cort. Synephrine is much more better than ZHISHI,but it is still more weak than fluoxetine.4) Observation of rat hippocampal ultrastructural changes by electron microscopy. Electron micrograph analysis results show that, compared with the normal group, hippocampal of model group occurred the following pathological changes:cell membrane appear serious drape, nucleoli solid shrinkage, the number of organelles such as mitochondria, golgi decreased, cytoplasm appear empty bright area and so on. So we can say that synephrine and ZHISHI can improve the form of the cell in different degree. Synephrine is much more better than ZHISHI.5) Observation of adrenal gland and hippocampus pathology by hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning light microscopic. Analysis results show that adrenal cortical become hypertrophy and pulp qualitative change fuzzy and color becomes weak, as well as cells are irregularly arranged. Analysis of the hippocampus graph shows that CA3area of hippocampal somatic cell became more thin and cells are arranged. After administrated with synephrine and ZHISHI, the graph of this two group are much more closer to normal group, synephrine is much more better.6) Investigating expressions of BDNF and GR in the hippocampu of rats by immunohistochemical and RT-PCR real-time fluorescence quantitative technique, the results showed that the positive cell number of model group descreased significantly.