| It may be improve the ability to forewarn the disasters, according to analyzing the spatio-temporal characteristic of disasters from historical periods. So this paper analyzed the tendency of the temporal distribution and the characteristics of the spatial distribution, based on the statistics of affected area and failed area by disasters during 1950-2010. Mean the while, this assessment is based on five types of meteorological disasters during 2011-2015, and discussed the differences in disaster losses among provinces. We can conclude from the present study that:1) There was not obvious change of the covered area and effected area during 1978-2010.The drought is the highest, following the flood, and the hail and freezing was the third. The sets of types of disasters were different in interdecadal: in 1980 s, the drought and hail were the main types, and the flood were the most in 1990 s, then flood and freezing were most in the first decadal of the 21’s The distribution of the covered area and effected area was obvious, in general, the covered area and rate of effected area Province in north China were higher than the Province in south China. Mean the while, the percentage in different districts was also different, the series arrangement of affected area was North China> Northwest China >Central China >East China >Southwest China >Northeast China >South China.2) The area covered and affected of main agricultural disasters(drought, floods, hail) had obvious annual and interdecadal changes. The drought and flood showed an increasing trend, since the 1970 s, the covered area was significantly increasing by drought. And the spatial distribution was different which was mainly concentrated in the basin of Yellow, Huaihe and Yangtse. In addition, according to the rate of effected area, the north is generally higher than the south in China. The flood was mainly concentrated in the Yangtse River and the Huaihe and the flood was most seriously and the highest in 1990 s, the while, the south is generally higher than the north. The change of annual and interdecadal effected area by hail was obvious, showing a decreasing trend. Hail disasters was relatively scattered, mostly in the north, and the rate was higher than south. The characteristic of annual and interdecadal effected area by freezing showed an increasing trend. Especially in 2000 s, the effected and covered area was three times than 1980 s. The rate of effected area in the south was higher than the north.3)The drought was concentrated in 3-6 months, and the frequency was mainly occurred in the Central China and the Southwest China; the flood was the most serious in 6-8 month, with the peak in July, and the frequency was mostly occurred in the Southwest; the hail was mainly concentrated in 4-8 months, the North China and Northeast China was the most frequently; freezing was occurred in 1-5 months, February was the most serious and the most frequency was located in North China, Northeast China, Southwest China; snow disaster occurred mainly in January and February, located in the North China, Northeast China and Northeast China.4) Flood, drought and hail were the three of the most serious meteorological disasters during 2011-2015. From the economical losses, Yunnan and Liaoning Province were the most impacted by drought, then in the Northeast China and North China; the most serious economic losses caused by flood was in South China and Southwest China; Xinjiang, Gansu and Qinghai was the heaviest losses by hail. From the covered area, the Yangtze River was the dividing line: the north of the Yangtze River was the most impacted by drought, and the south was by flood. Hail was distributed in the region of Northwest China and North China, which in Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu and Qinghai were most. |
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