Study On Morphology, Anatomy And Ecology Environment Of The 12 Kinds Of Pueraria Lobata From Shanxi

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi that contains isoflavones, three terpenoids, saponins and other active substances is a traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, it has some effects such as expanse of cardiovascular system, alleviate myocardial excitability, relieve the heart arrhythmia, etc.It is an important plant which used to be medicinal and edible. In Europe and America, the Pueraria as raw materials for the production of beverages and canned food is very popular with consumers; the flavonoids extracted from root has been widely used in the field of health food and pharmaceutical. In Japan, noodles, cookies, bread, wine and other health food made by puerarin are sold. In our country, powder made by puerarin has good sales.The root is very deep, which arranged at a crisscross pattern in the deep soil layer could keep the soil, conserve water and prevent water or soil to be washed away.The market demand unceasing increase for Pueraria, but the wild resources of Pueraria lobata is declining because of isorder excavation for years, overgrazing, economic and social development of the habitat destruction. The primary problems faced by the sustainable development of Pueraria lobata industry are excavated protection, exploitation and utilization.Pueraria lobata is widely distributed from the south to the north of Shanxi province, but so far it has not been conducted a comprehensive and systematical investigation or research.This experiment were performed on the Pueraria lobata from Shanxi. The germplasm resources distribution in Shanxi,community composition and biological characteristics were investigated, and the different ecological environment, the morphological and anatomical features were analyzed and compared.The results show that:The germplasm resources werewidely distributed from the south to the north, mainly in Yuncheng, Jincheng and Datong city of Shanxi Province. From the point of horizontal distribution, the range was between N34°47’04.77"～N39°31’05.23" and E110°30’17.80"～E114°33’18.24".With the vertical distribution between 730～1240 m, an elevation of 730-950 m was the most common.The distribution was affected by the climate conditions. It was dispersed in region affected by continental monsoon climate and temperate continental monsoon climate. Distribution in the warm temperate zone continental climate or continental semi-humid monsoon climate region was relatively dense. There was a wide and high intensity distribution in warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate and temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate area. The plant which accompany dwarf shrubs or weeds grow exuberant in sand or loose soil by the water streams, had high intensity and a single community composition. But it had the opposite occurs growing in sand and brush, associated plant poplar, acacia, thorns, etc. The natural ecological distribution of the plant could be divided into savanna shrub grassland type, channel type and sandy soil type according to the characteristics. Depending on the leaf shape and the size, it could be divided into three types such as macrophyll, medium and microphyll.The microstructure of plant was closely related to the origin natural conditions. The leaf anatomical structure was difference because of the different areas. Being different producing area,the leaves had differences in leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness. It had the strong ability to adapt cold environment in accordance with the proportion of palisade tissue and sponge tissue.The climate and altitude, rainfall had effects on activity of cork cambium. The plant stems that grow at an altitude of 731～731 m,600～800 mm rainfall and the warm semi-humid continental monsoon climate had different cork layer number according to the different conditions of altitude, rainfall and the climatic. There were differences in the number and thickness of the cork layer and vascula ray. The junior structure exists in the root. The root were based on different regions without root pulp. Primary xylem had four types such as two prototypes, three prototypes, four prototypes and 6 prototypes.