| Grassland is an important base for the development of animal husbandry and important ecological barrier. It has an important practical significance for maintaining ecological balance, stabilizing the border areas, keeping the sustainable development of economic and social, and enhancing our position in the international arena. However, in recent years, grassland ecological balance is facing an unprecedented pressure due to the economic development and frequent Rodent; it resulted in grassland desertification and vegetation degradation, causing the productivity of grassland decreased. Sichuan Basin is located in China’s western region, it has an unique geographical location, making the environmental characteristics of grassland was sparse and open, so as to create a good rodent survival and reproduction conditions. The inflation of rodent population not only consumed the fodder, but also destroys the grass roots and soil structure through their subsistence activities, increasing the grassland degradation. Controlling the number of rodent population has been regarded as a public health problem, and was highly valued. Therefore, to explore an effective and harmless measure of controlling rodent population has become a worldwide issue. As there are some shortcomings in traditional raticide for it was pollution to the environment or it was just a single-sex infertility drug, so making the existing raticide change to natural and bisexual infertility is a green and scientific way. This research screened the better anti-fertility drug and its optimal dose from saponin from Cortex Albiziae and peppermint oil by laboratory; make it into granules and applied it in grassland, dissected and observed its anti-fertility effect on plateau pika, in order to establish a theoretical basis for controlling rodent in actual production. The main findings are as follows:1. Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of saponin from Cortex Albiziae against mice: To study the anti-fertility effect of saponin from Cortex Albiziae at the dose of 135mg/kg, 270mg/kg and 540mg/kg and choose the optimal dose from it. The results showed that, anti-fertility effect of saponin from Cortex Albiziae on male mice was mainly as follows:the anti-fertility rate was up to 63%. There was a significant decrease on organ coefficient of testis and epididymis (P<0.01), the rate of sperm survival declined (P<0.01) and rate of sperm deformation increased (P<0.01). Histopathological examination results showed that the drug can cause damage to the reproductive organs of male mice, mainly for interstitial of testis reduced, spermatogenic cells of testis loosely arranged, sperm and secretions almost disappeared in tubules of epididymis; anti-fertility effect of saponin from Cortex Albiziae on female mice was mainly as follows:the anti-fertility rate was up to 70%, miscarriages, fetal absorption and stillbirth can be observed in each stage of pregnancy. Meanwhile, Histopathological examination results showed that the drug can cause damage to the reproductive organs of female mice, mainly for the phenomenon of hyperemia in all levels of follicle cell cavity can be observed, and hyperaemia in myometrium, lamina propria and mucosa of uterus was visible too. In the blood biochemical parameters, only serum urea (BU) and serum creatinine (CRE) or globulin (GLB), ratio of white balls (A/G) and serum triglyceride (TG) had a significant changes (P<0.01) at high dosage (540mg/kg). It is suggested that saponin from Cortex Albiziae had anti-fertility effect in both male and female mice, and 540mg/kg was the optimal dose, the target organ was the reproductive organs.2. Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of peppermint oil against mice:To study the anti-fertility effect of peppermint oil at the dose of 0.135ml/kg,0.27ml/kg and 0.54ml/kg and choose the optimal dose from it. The results showed that, anti-fertility effect of peppermint oil on male mice was mainly as follows:the anti-fertility rate was up to 60%. There was a significant decrease on organ coefficient of testis and epididymis (P<0.01), the rate of sperm survival declined (P<0.01) and rate of sperm deformation increased (P<0.01). Histopathological examination results showed that the testis and epididymis of experimental male mice was damaged by peppermint oil. The spermatogenic cell of testis loosely arranged, interstitial reduced; anti-fertility effect of peppermint oil on female mice was mainly as follows:the anti-fertility rate was up to 70%, miscarriages and fetal absorption can be observed in each stage of pregnancy, and histopathological examination results showed that the ovary and uterus of female mice was damaged by peppermint oil. In the blood biochemical parameters, only serum urea (BU)) had a significant changes (P<0.01) at high dosage (540mg/kg). It is suggested that peppermint oil had anti-fertility effect in both male and female mice, and 0.54ml/kg was the optimal dose, the target organ was the reproductive organs.3. Study of preparation and technical route of granules for botanical source of ecological deratization:Granules of saponin from Cortex Albiziae at dose of 135mg/kg,270mg/kg, 540mg/kg and granules of peppermint oil at dose of 0.135ml/kg0.27ml/kg0.54ml/kg were prepared. Meanwhile, ingestion coefficients were observed. The results showed that the best ingestion coefficient was1.67, which was from saponin from Cortex Albiziae at dose of 540mg/kg. It suggested that granule of saponin from Cortex Albiziae at dose of 540mg/kg had the best palatability, which was expected to be applied in prevention and treatment of grassland rodent.4. The application of granule for botanical source of ecological deratization:Applied the granule of saponin from Cortex Albiziae at dose of 540mg/kg in demonstration area for biological control rodents. The results showed that the granule had a significant anti-fertility effect on female plateau pika, and the anti-fertility rate was up to 70%. It had damage to testis, epididymis, ovary and uterus of plateau pikas. It suggested that granule of saponin from Cortex Albiziae at dose of 540mg/kg had a significant anti-fertility effect on both male and female plateau pikas, it had a good feasibility for promotion in the future. |
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