Research On Cold Resistance Of Some Bamboo Species

Bamboo, which is widely used in landscaping, belongs to Gramineae Bambusoideae perennial evergreen plant. It is renewable forestry resource that integrated economic value, ecological value and cultural value in one body.China has 43 genera of bamboo plants, more than 700 kinds of bamboo species,150 varieties and forms, which are widely distributed over Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan,Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan and other southern regions and rarely over northern regions with strong rationality and zonality. Recently, according to the requirements of landscaping, many scholars try to implant bamboo with strong resistance and ornamental value into northern regions and obtain some achievements, but the temperature is still the key limiting factor of introduction.Taking Pleioblastus simonii, Indocalamus latifolius, Phyllostachys vivax,Phyllostachys dulcis, Phyllostachysaurea, Pleiblastus maculatus,Phyllostachys aureosulcata f.Aureocaulis,Phyllostachys bambusoides var.castillonis,Phyllostachys nigra, Phyllostachys bambusoides f.mixms as experimental materials and low temperature as research factor as well as using variance components method,principal component analysis and cluster analysis, this paper surveys on cold resistance of 10 bamboo species(varieties) and makes the conclusion as follows:1. This paper takes a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of cold resistance,adaptability and ornamental value of 10 different bamboo species according to the frost condition and recovery growth condition of bamboo leaves, pole and twigs in hibernation period.I: Strong cold resistance bamboo includes Indocalamus latifolius and Phyllostachys dulcis. In hibernation period, the bamboo leaves are normal with fewer withered phenomenon. The twigs do not or seldom have frost phenomenon with large quantity of bamboo shooting.II. The medium cold resistance bamboo includes Pleioblastus simonii,Phyllostachys vivax,Phyllostachys aureosulcata f.Aureocaulis,Phyllostachys bambusoides var.castillonis,Phyllostachys bambusoides f.mixms,Pleiblastusmaculatus,Phyllostachysaurea.In hibernation period, some leaves curl after frost and the frozen amount is no more than 1/2 of whole plant. The new stalk has a bit of frost phenomenon, which does not affect on ornamental value after spring recovery growth.Their shoots behave differently. Pleioblastus simoniiusually shoot from July to December(in previous years) and has no shooting phenomenon in observation period.Phyllostachys vivax,Phyllostachys bambusoides var.castillonis,Pleiblastus maculatus,Phyllostachysaurea,begin to shoot in April with large amount and small diameter. As the local bamboo of Boai County, Phyllostachys bambusoides f.mixmsbegin to shoot in late May early June.III. The poor cold resistance bamboo includes Phyllostachys nigra. In hibernation period,Phyllostachys nigra appears serious frost phenomenon and its color changes into dark blown. The frozen amount is more than 1/2 of whole plant..The stalk and twig appear serious frost and difficult recovery growth after rise of temperature, almost no shoots.2.Under the stress of low temperature,REC,SOD activity, CAT activity,soluble protein content change have rules. Along with the decrease of processing temperature,the REC appears "S" rising curve.SOD activity, CAT activity,soluble protein content appear after rising first down.3.The conclusion of comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis for cold resistance index is that relative conductivity, SOD activity, POD activity,CAT activity, soluble protein content are not significantly correlated. Relative conductivity and SOD activity are closely related with bamboo cold resistance.4.The result of clustering analysis shows that the ten types of bamboo can be divided into three categories under 5℃.The Pleioblastus simonii, Indocalamus latifolius, Phyllostachys bambusoides f.mixms, Phyllostachys dulcis,Phyllostachysaurea,Phyllostachys bambusoides var.castillonis,Pleiblastus maculatus belong to one category and they have strong cold resistance. Phyllostachys vivax belongs to one category and has medium cold resistance. Phyllostachys aureosulcata f.Aureocaulis and Phyllostachys nigra belong to one category and they have poor coldresistance. The ten types of bamboo can be divided into 2 categories under-15℃.The Pleioblastus simonii, Indocalamus latifolius, Phyllostachys vivax, Phyllostachys dulcis, Phyllostachysaurea, Pleiblastus maculatus have strong cold resistance.Phyllostachys aureosulcata f.Aureocaulis,Phyllostachys bambusoides var.castillonis,Phyllostachys nigra,Phyllostachys bambusoides f.mixms have poor cold resistance.5.The comparison result of clustering analysis between 5℃ and-15℃ shows the Pleioblastus simonii, Indocalamus latifolius, Phyllostachys dulcis, Phyllostachy saurea,Pleiblastus maculatus have strong cold resistance and can withstand the-15℃low temperature and comply with the requirements of landscaping. They can be continued to introduce to north China.6. Clustering effect shows that the difference of cold resistance of 10 bamboo species(varieties) are not significant in 5℃、0℃ and-5℃ environment but along with aggravation of low temperature, the difference of cold resistance of each bamboo species is significant.