Growth Performance Test And Meat Performance Analyze Of Jiaxian Red Cattle

Jiaxian Red Cattle which distributed in Jiaxian and surrounding areas in Henan province, is an excellent local variety that was selected by the local working people for thousands of years, and is also one of the Eight Local Thoroughbred Cattles in our country. In June 2006, Jiaxian Red Cattle was included in the national protection list of livestock and poultry genetic resources in NO. 662 announcement by the Ministry of Agriculture, and then the fine varieties breeding center of Jiaxian Red Cattle, in Pingdingshan, was identified as a national reservation farm for Jiaxian Red Cattle in the NO. 1058 department announcement(C4102008). In recent years, the pure breeding Jiaxian Red Cattle herds in the fine varieties breeding center was growing fast, and Jiaxian Red Cattle population is developing with good momentum. Since 2011, on the basis of race keeping and variety breeding, in order to improve the ability of producing quality beef, complying with the trend of domestic improvement of breeding meat varieties. The fine varieties breeding center of Jiaxian Red Cattle began to introduce bull frozen semen of Red Angus for systematically hybrid improvement, and lay a foundation for the directional breeding of meat performance of Jiaxian Red Cattle. In order to kown the growth status of Jiaxian Red Cattle and improvement effect and meat performance in the fine varieties breeding center of Jiaxian Red Cattle, this trial, respectively, has carried on the test of growth performance and slaughter trials(that is, the meat performance studies).Experiment 1: Growth performance test, mainly to test the production performance of Jiaxian Red Cattle and hybrid cattle(first generation of hybrid cattle) which born between 2012 and 2014, to understand the growth and development of Jiaxian Red Cattle which under the condition of intensive farming, and to observe the effect of improvement by use Red Angus buff to reform Jiaxian Red Cattle. The results suggested that: Within 12 months of age, the growth performance of hybrid cattle is obviously higher than Jiaxian Red Cattle. Between 12 months to 18 months of age, the growth rate of Jiaxian Red Cattle is higher than hybrid cattle, all the index between Jiaxian Red Cattle and hybrid cattle is decrease and the performance of bossy is better, but lower than hybrid cattle. After 24 months of age, the growth and development of hybrid bull is better, each index is increase significantly, the difference between hybrid bossy and jiaxian red bossy in the elevation of growth performance are not significant. Follow the places standards of Jiaxian Red Cattle(DB41/012-1997, by Henan province and technical supervision), the Jiaxian Red Cattle in the fine varieties breeding center can be rated as second-class cow, but owe to the fine varieties breeding center is no more than five years and the breeding time is too short, so the effect is not obvious. We expected that after a few years and several generations of cattle breeding, the level of Jiaxian Red Cattle in well-bred breeding center will improve. Under the same breeding condition, the hybrid bossy can be rated as first-class and the bull can be rated as special. The data of body and weight of hybrid cattle are higher than the same months pure breeding Jiaxian Red Cattle and have excellent performance. That suggested the effect of using red Angus cattle to improve Jiaxian Red Cattle is good. So we can choose Angus red cattle to breed new meat strains of Jiaxian Red Cattle.Experiment 2: meat performance research. Selected 10 cows randomly from 30 fattening bulls and bullocks to do slaughtering experiment, measured and computed each main index of carcass traits, weighed and splitted the carcass. Results:the key indicators of meat performance of Jiaxian Red Cattle: the weight of Jiaxian Red Cattle buff before slaughter is 548.38 kg, the weight of warm carcass is 325.75 kg, slaughter rate is 59.4%, the net weight of meat is 181.23 kg, net meat percentage is 33.1%, the weight of bone is 54.11 kg, the meat-production rate of carcass is 77.01%, meat-bone ratio is 3.41:1, high-grade beef rate is 21.33%, fine-quality meat ratio is 41.00%. The data of bullock, respectively, is 477.58 kg, 279.60 kg, 58.5%, 160.70 kg, 33.4%, 50.73 kg, 76.01%, 3.17:1, 21.42%, 42.19%. Compared with 18 months Xia’nan bulls, the slaughter rate and net meat percentage of Jiaxian Red Cattle under-inclusive 3.2, 19.2 percent points, respectively, and the fine-quality meat ratio and high-grade beef rate increase 5.9, 3.7 percent points, respectively, saying that the performance of producting fine-quality and high-grade meat of Jiaxian red cattle is more efficient. Jiaxian red cattle can be taken advantage of the high fine-quality meat ratio and high-grade beef ratio to product high-grade beef and increasing the economic efficiency.