Study On Techniques For Promoting Pigment Degradation During Mauture Stage Of Flue-cured Tobacco In Bijie Of Guizhou

Bijie is one of the main sources of tobacco raw material in China.There are some problems in Bijie area,such as low temperature during maturing stage,large amount of nitrogen applied,compact surface leaf structure and so on,what made a low level of aroma.In the peper,seven field experiments were conducted to improve the yield and quality of flue-cures tobacco by improving the degradation of plastid pigment during matueity.The results indicated that:1、Three kinds of soil(loam, clay, sand)were choiced in Bijie to inquiry effects of soil on plastid pigment and neutral aroma components of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that,better permeability of soil and identity was beneficial to the material accumulation early and pigment degradation later.The content of neutral aroma components was maximum in loam soil, content of middle leaves was higher than upper leaves,middle leaves in loam soil had high concentration,good quality and quantity.Loam soil is most beneficial to produce high quality tobacco.2、There was a high sugar alkali and high scale of high quality tobacco by mixing sand.CS fertilizer made tobacco plants to grow well,and made tobacco have high content of plastid pigment and material..The content of neutral aroma components showed a trend CS>MS>CK,CS relative control group increased by 23.8%,4.7%.The content of neutral aroma components except neophytadiene showed CS>MS>CK.It had better comfort degree,sweet taste.In total,CS fertilizer is most beneficial to improve plastid pigment and neutral aroma components of flue-cured tobacco.3 、The changing of tobacco Plastid pigment, degration of pigment in mature period and influence of flue- cured tobacco quality is researchec by the study of nitrogen,density and numbers of leaves remained.The results show that the yield and quality of middle leaf is improved by dealing with increasing the density and reducing the numbers of leaves remained.at the same time, the content of cembratriendiol group of middle and upper leaf increases by 38.6% 、 18.0%, the content of carotenoids gradually increases to 109.15%,118.0%,and Beta- Malaysia ketone adds to 110.5%,127.02%. the content of phenylalanine group and browning products is the highest in middel leaf and the neophytadiene is the highest in upper leaf.4、More cutting leaves of tobacco, can improve the depanding of upper leaves of tobacco, when 20 leaves per plant in the process of physical growth, the contents of chlorophyll is higher, and reducing nitrogen treatment can promote the degradation of tobacco plastid pigment. 20 leaves per plantand reducing nitrogen treatment make plastid pigment content in after curingsamples lower than others. From the leaf position analysis range top to down known, the plastid pigment in the growing process of 20 leaves tobacco is beneficial to the accumulation of aroma substance content; plastid pigment content is low in maturity, the contents of plastid pigment degradation is more, the more degradation plastid pigment in flue curing process is conducive to the formation of aroma substances at the same time. 20 leaves per plantand reducing nitrogen treatment also can improve economic yield reduction, increase high quality tobacco leaves ratio, the superior-midding tobacco radiois 83.63% and the sensual evaluation score isthe highest. The planting distanceof18 leaves per plant is small, and is not conducive to photosynthesis, the accumulation of organic matter and the content of aroma substance are low; especially reducing nitrogen treatment, it is not only reduce the quality of tobacco but also not conducive to economic output.On the other hand, leaf position analysis shows that the content of aroma substance is high, the treatment of 18 leaves per plant will reduce the average quality of superior-midding tobacco. Comprehensive analysis can be obtained that ppropriate reduced leaf can improve the yield and quality of tobacco. The results showed that 20 leaves per plant and 20% reduction in nitrogen are more meetthe requirements of high quality tobacco production.5、Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of three different modes of nitrogen supply(the percent of root extending stage, growing stage and maturing stage were separately 20-40-35; 25-55-20; 30-65-5) on the content of plasma pigment during the middle and late growing process and before and after curing, the contents of neutral aroma components and the quality of tobacco leaves in Bina No.1. The results showed that the tobacco leaves which were applied more amount nitrogen application at root extending stage and growing stage and less amount nitrogen application at maturing stage had higher content of plasma pigment and stronger photosynthetic ability at growing stage,and plastid pigment degradated faster and more at maturing stage,and less plastid pigment and more contents of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco.The contents of carotenoids, β-damascenone, β-dihydro damascone, megastigmatrienone etc. were all the highest..Reduction of nitrogen applying amount at maturing stage was conducive to improve the quality of tobacco.6、10 days after topping,the treatment of regulated deficit to 5%, too large regulated deficit in maturity stagemake tobacco water loss fast, inadequate pigment degradation, smalldegradation rate. It Is not conducive to the accumulation of dry matters, but good maturity can form low protein content, improve the content of reducing sugar and nicotine. Not regulated deficit treatment and continued for nitrogen immature make the vigorous growth of tobacco, tobacco protein formation and nitrogen accumulation are more thanthe treatment of regulated deficit to 5%, but inhibit the formation and accumulation of nicotine, nicotine content in upper leaves is the least but total nitrogen content is high. 10 days after topping, regulated deficiti to 70%, the physics properties of tobacco is best, chemical component content is conventional, and tobacco dry matter decompose appropriatelyin maturing process, fragrant aroma substance precursors. Aftercuringtobacco chlorophyll degradation products, neoplytadiene, content of carotenoids degradation products and aroma substance are the highest. It shows that, 10 days after topping in flue curing process, adjustingthrnitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution is 70% of the most vigorous, and topping after 20 days is 5% of it, can improve the quality of tobacco.7、The contrast between integration of water and fertilizer and the traditional fertilizing irrigation are showed that integration of water and fertilizer is better. Fertilizer Use Efficiency is increased, the Content of Plastid Pigment is improved, Photosynthesis activity is enhanced, Leaf length and Leaf width are increased and so on. At the same time, in the maturity stage the transformation of nitrogen metabolism to carbon metabolism is more conducive, Plastid Pigment is largely degraded. Finally, flue-cured tobacco both weight per leaf and yield are significantly improved. Analysis of the aroma components is showed that the total of the aroma components increased 14.1%, aroma components are improved 9.2% except for Neophytadiene. Carotenoid degradation products increased 12.5%,β- damascene increased 8.9%, megastigmatrienone increased 24.1%.Phenylalanine class increased 21.9%. Neophytadiene increased 14.8%.The value of sensory evaluation is much higher. On the whole, integration of water and fertilizer can efficiently improve tobacco quality and yield.8、Root—cutting can efficiently facilitate maturation. It can reduce the presence of Nitrogen and Nicotine, increase the content of Total Sugar and Reducing Sugar, and cut off transportation of the nicotine the root s producing and the consumption of reducing Sugar, which is the roots transport. It impacts on the absorption of chlorine and the formation and accumulation of aroma components.Half cutting and dislocation half-and-half cutting can partly restraincarbon metabolism and influence on the synthesis of carotenoids.In the meantime, carotenoids can smoothlydegrade and prompt the formation and accumulation ofcarotenoidsdegradation production. The total of Neophytadiene:T1>T3>T4>T2.The total of the aroma componentsrelatively improve 48%、28%、48%.In a word, half cutting and dislocation half-and-half cutting are better ways, they make smoking aroma quality much better and smoking aroma concentration much larger. Meanwhile upper leaves have some good characteristics, such as good aroma characteristics, good taste characteristics and so on.