| There were adequate light and heat resources in low-lying areas along the Huaihe River, which had been widely distribution, with a total area of 6300 km2, so the crop in the region is very efficient cultivation of practical significance. In this paper, taking wheat, corn, soybeans three mainly field crops as test material, to take optimal trial design, we could concluded that the optimum proportion of fertilizer and crop fertilization in obtaining optimum yield in the region, which could guide the production of the region; and comparative analysis soybeans and corn of autumn crop two economies, which provided a theoretical basis of adjusting the cropping pattern in the region.The best wheat efficiency is N2P2K2 in the fertilizer experiment, net income was 1069.1 yuan/666.7m2, followed N2P1K2 processing, net income was 1056.5 yuan /666.7m2, the worst is NOP0K0 processing, net income was 609 yuan/666.7 m2. Investment income than the highest processing 13 (N1P2K1) was 12.16, the lowest investment-benefit ratio is processing 11 (N3P2K2) 5.5, a reasonable fertilizer, the higher the efficiency. In wheat cultivation fertilizer experiments, the optimum amount of fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O were respectively 12.86 kg/666.7m2,4.31 kg/666.7m2,8.18 kg/666.7m2 by 3414 analysis software, the best yield was 556.3kg/666.7m2. The relative yield of wheat was 69.67%,73.33%,87.09% under lack of N, P and K.By using three-factor method for quadratic general rotation of maize cultivation experiment, we came to a decision that most obvious interaction effects were planting density and nitrogen fertilizer factors. In the test, the three factors and yield curve showed a parabola, and the opening down, had a great value. Nitrogen and potassium were applied with the value increases, the marginal product becomes smaller. And had been at> zero level<1 level was negative, indicating that nitrogen, high potassium fertilizer was not economical. According to analysis of variance, optimize the interval three factors were the density5373-5861/667m2; nitrogen rate was 20.53-22.62kg/667m2; amount of potassium 16.27～19.27 kg/667m2.The N2P2K2 treatment was best income in 3414 soybean processing its income was759.45 yuan/666.7m2, treatment 1 (N0P0K0) income was the lowest, its 424.8 yuan/ 666.7m2; rational fertilization can not only increase production, income, and reduce the waste of fertilizer and environmental pollution, we obtained through optimum amount of fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O were 1.58 kg/666.7m2,2.78 kg/666.7m2,2.93kg/666.7m2 in soybean cultivation fertilizer trials, by 3414 analysis software, the best yield was 159.49 kg/666.7m2; lack of N, lack of P, K missing relative yield was 57.27% three treatments, 69.43%,72.70%, the effects of three fertilizers on the yield was N> P> K.Through the study of the optimization plant modes of three field crops, identified the optimum fertilization and the best benefits of three field crops in the region. So we could draw that the economic benefits of planting corn was much higher than soybeans through the comparative benefits analysis of the two autumn crops; Especially under conditions of severe pest of soybean planting perennial occurrence, using wheat-soybean and wheat-corn rotation mode, using and raising soil combined, not only can reduce the use of fertilizers, improve local farmers’ income. |
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