On Reproduction Of Several Mosses And Their Application In A Case Of Landscape Construction

Mosses are important taxa in graden greening and landscape construction. In order to find mosses which are able to grow under the climate conditions in Shanghai and its adjacent areas, several acrocarpous mosses and pleurocarpous mosses were studied in their reproduction abilities and climatic adaptation. A small moss graden under forest in biological base of Fengxian, Shanghai was built mainly with Hypnum plumaeforme and Brachythecium plumosum,which could be taken as a model for the application of mosses in garden greening and landscape construction in other areas. The main results are as follows:1. Gametophytic fragments of five pleurocarpous mosses(Brachythecium plumosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, H. microphyllum, Entodon compressus and Lindbergia sinensis)) were sowing onto vertical planting carrier(a palm pad with a thin layer of peat and vermiculite) in a humid greenhouse with 80% relative humidity. After a two-month cultivation, their green cushions formed. Chlorophyll fluorescent parameters(initial slope, half-saturation light intensity, maximal electronic transfer rate), and the gametophytic coverage, length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content were measured. By using Win Rhizo root system analyzer, the total area, length of stems and branches, diameter of stems and branches, volume, tip number and branch number of gametophytes were also determined. Based on the above indices, a integrated growth index was calculated. Based on their integrated indices from high to low, five mosses were ranked as Brachythecium plumosum, Haplocladium microphyllum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Entodon compressus and Lindbergia sinensis. Combined their landscape effects at different seasons, the recommendation order as vertical greening ornamental mosses are Brachythecium plumosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Entodon compressus, Lindbergia sinensis and Haplocladium microphyllum.2. A total of 13 moss species including Homomallium incurvatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anomodon giraldii, Bryum argenteum, Campylopus atrovirens, Thuidium cymbifolium, Herpetineuron toccoae, Hypnum plumaeforme, Polytrichum commune, Brachythecium amnicolum, Haplocladium angustifolium, Hedwigia ciliate, Entodon cladorrhizans were selected for comparison experinments in relation to their gametophytes reproduction and growth abilities. The experiments were conducted in botanical garden of Xuhui campus, Shanhai Normal University. Physiological indices including chlorophyll fluorescent parameters(initial slope, half-saturation light intensity, maximal electronic transfer rate), and MDA content of the focal mosses were determined. The results showed that Bryum argenteum, Polytrichum commune, Brachythecium amnicolum, aplocladium angustifolium and Hypnum plumaeforme are ideal greening species in the studies area.3. In oder to select applicable mosses in garden greening, a situ observation experiment was conducted for Hypnum plumaeforme, Pogonatum aloides, Entodon smatagdinus, Brachythecium plumosum, Polytrichum commune, Campylopus atrovirens, Thuidium cymbifolium, Racomitrium japonicum and Haplocladium angustifolium in biological base of Fengxian campus(Shanghai Normal University) was conducted. During the situ observation period, their chlorophyll fluorescent parameters(initial slope, half-saturation light intensity, maximal electronic transfer rate), fresh weight and dry weight of their gametophytes, MDA content were determined, respectively. Based on the obtained data, three mosses species, Brachythecium plumosum, Ploytrichum commune, Racomitrium japonicum, were proposed as greening species in Shanghai, and Racomitrium japonicum showed its endurance to high temperature and dry condition to an extent.4. According the reproduction and growth abilities, together with their adaptation to local weather conditions, Hypnum plumaeforme and Brachythecium plumosum were selected as mainly greening species to build a small moss landscape under forest in Fengxian campus of Shanghai Normal University. The construction and managemental experience of the moss landscape could be consulted for other similar landscape construction.