| Blood parrot fish (Cichlasoma synspilum ♂-X Cichlasoma citrinellum ♂) are freshwater tropical ornamental fish, chubby body, bright red body, is composed of purple crater as female parent of the hybrid red Stingray F1 generation. Body color is an important characteristic to Ornamental fish, by improving fish body color to increase its value. Body color of Blood parrot change process is different from other ornamental fish kind, the larvae of the black, faded to yellow, add pigment, red fish. In order to develop a high-quality fish, you must add exogenous pigment, but there is relatively little research on fish coloring mechanism to watch, so this test add astaxanthin to blood parrot fish in two different ways, explore fish pigment cells the development process, fundamentally understand the fish’s body and control color changes. 1 Different body color of blood parrot fish pigment cells and pigment content researchThis test was observed with a microscope body length 7.0-10.0cm black, black and yellow, yellow, red four kinds of morphological structure of blood parrot fish color pigment cells, measured by UV spectrophotometer total carotenoid content. The results showed that:(1) the distribution of the species of black blood parrot fish and dot-like dendritic melanocytes two kinds of forms, containing a lot of melanin granules, less yellow pigment cells, lighter in color; (2) black and yellow blood parrot fish Center soma dendritic melanocytes body diffusion, slender branches, brown melanin granules, gathering capacity is weak, yellow pigment cells in the large color depth and a larger number; melanocytes (3) blood parrot fish on yellow few in number, the yellow pigment cells distributed over the body, dark in color, with a small amount of red pigment cells dot-like shape of a small light in color; (4) red blood parrot fish melanocytes scarce, there is a small amount of yellow pigment cells, red pigment cells distributed over the body. Carotenoid content (5) red blood parrot fish, meat, scales, fins and skin compared with other three kinds of fish body color differences were highly significant (P<0.01); black, black and yellow, yellow three kinds of body differences in carotenoid content above 4 parts blood-colored parrot fish were not significant (P> 0.05). The test results provide a reference for further research and development mechanism of pigment cells. 2 Study on the yellow blood parrot fish after injection of astaxanthin body color changeYellow blood parrot fish to 1 injection of different concentrations (50mg/mL, 100mg/mL,200mg/mL) astaxanthin after seven days, observation scales, fins, skin pigment cells form three sites daily and counted (Percentage), UV spectrophotometer carotenoid content scales, fin, skin and muscles. The results showed that:(1) 50mg/mL group, 100mg/mL group, the proportion of red pigment cells 200mg/mL group were the highest increase of 76.48%(skin),91.96 (scale),95.87%(scale),200mg/mL, 100mg/mL group reached the red color of blood parrot fish+++respectively in the first five days, the sixth day, the body color 50mg/mL group did not reach the red+++, so astaxanthin for the enriched blood parrot fish effect followed by 200mg/mL group>100mg/mL group>50mg/mL group; (2) in the control group did not change color yellow blood parrot fish, the best body color 50mg/mL group, 100mg/mL group,200mg/mL groups were light red, red, dark red, yellow pigment change process and apoptotic cells gradually disappear, the red pigment cells appeared, by the dot-like dendritic development component, the volume increases, the color becomes dark, dense pigment particles. (3) 50mg/mL group, Skin carotenoid content increased rays reached 30mg/kg or so, scales of 7mg/kg or so, muscle only 0.93mg/kg, skin, fms were significantly higher than muscle, scales (P<0.01); skin 100mg/mL group carotenoid fins, scales, increased muscle respectively 44.52mg/kg,25.76mg/kg,15.49mg/kg,1.21mg/kg, muscle and scales, fins and skin do not exist significant difference (P>0.05), significantly higher than the fin scales (P<0.05), and significantly higher than the muscle (P<0.01), significantly higher than skin muscle and scales (P<0.01); skin 200mg/mL group carotenoid fin, fin, muscle highest were 62.25mg/kg,51.99mg/kg,24.25mg/kg, 1.21mg/kg, fins and skin scales were significantly higher (P<0.05), fins and skin were significantly higher than the muscle (P<0.01); differences in carotenoid content of three test groups of muscles, scales, fin exclude significant (P>0.05), the difference between the skin 50mg/mL group and 100mg/mL group was not significant (P>0.05), skin 200mg/mL was significantly higher than 50mg/mL group (P≤0.05). These results suggest that, to the yellow parrot fish blood injection astaxanthin best is 200mg/mL group, followed by 100mg/mL group, the less effective is 50mg/mL group. 3 Research adding astaxanthin on different ways to change color of blood parrot fishBlood parrot fish after dark by the yellow color, the use of intramuscular injection of astaxanthin and fed feed containing astaxanthin are two ways to make fish red discoloration observed during the development of three kinds of pigment cells and counted, measured carotenoids Su and lutein. The results showed that:(1) black blood parrot fish yellowing process, individual small, unbranched, melanin pigment granules concentrated cell development, aging and apoptosis, there dotlike yellow pigment cells, development of individual large, color deep, mature branched pigment cells; black, after the number of yellow two kinds of pigment cells are first increased reduction, although there is no significant difference between them (P>0.05), but were significantly higher than that of red pigment cells number (P<0.01).(2) injection astaxanthin to the yellow parrot fish blood after seven days, the fish pale red, yellow pigment cells during the lighter colors, sharp reduction in the number of dot-like red pigment cells begin to develop into mature branched the red pigment cells, the number increased presence of small amounts of melanocytes; yellow pigment cells were significantly higher than the number of melanoma cells (P<0.05), the number of red pigment cells was significantly higher than that of melanoma cells (P<0.01), yellow, red two kinds There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the number of pigment cells.(3) to the yellow pigment feed blood parrot fish feeding,30 days, fish red discoloration, the number continued to decrease during the yellow pigment cells began to appear like a red dot and gradually mature melanocytes, increase the number of fish showing a uniform red; yellow, red number does not exist between two kinds of pigment cells a significant difference (P>0.05), yellow, red number two kinds of pigment cells was significantly higher than that of melanoma cells (P<0.05).(4) black blood parrot fish, yellow, muscle carotenoid content carotenoid content of less than 1.0mg/kg, scales, fins, skin, respectively, the average remained at 3.64 mg/kg, 12.89 mg/kg,11.84 mg/kg or so, scales significantly higher muscle (P<0.05), fins and skin were significantly higher than the muscle (P<0.01), there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the fin and skin; yellow blood parrot fish turns red (injection group), the carotenoid content of muscle, scales, fins, skin, starting from the first three days were maintained at an average 26.19mg/kg,28.28 mg/kg,34.35 mg/kg, 34.94 mg/kg or so, no significant difference (P>0.05) between the scales, fins, skin three parts, fin and skin were significantly higher muscle (P≤0.05); when yellow blood red parrot fish (Pigment diet group), the carotenoid content of muscle, scales, fins and skin were continued slowly increased, the highest were 0.75 mg/kg,9.8 mg/kg,30.15 mg/kg,26.79 mg/kg, muscle and scale of Room rays difference was not significant between the skin and the (P>0.05), fins, skin, respectively, significantly higher than the muscle and scales (P<0.01).(5) black blood parrot fish, yellow, post muscle, scales, fin and lutein content of the skin is then decreased, the highest was 0.608 mg/kg,0.614 mg/kg,0.616 mg/kg,0.620 mg/kg, fins and skin were significantly higher scales and muscle (P<0.05); when yellow blood red parrot fish (injection group), muscular, scales, fin and lutein content of the skin are the first increased and then decreased after the maximum was 0.619 mg/kg, 0.638 mg/kg,0.641 mg/kg,0.643 mg/kg, not between the four parts of the significant difference (P>0.05); yellow blood parrot fish change when red (dye feed group), muscular, scales, fin and lutein content of the skin has slightly increased, the maximum was 0.616 mg/kg,0.625 mg/kg,.0620 mg/kg,0.620 mg/kg There is no significant difference (P>0.05) between the four sites. |
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