| Polyporus umbellatus is one of the most famous medicinal fungi in the world, and mainly made up of fruit body and sclerotium. The fruit body grows from sclerotium, it tasts delicious and soft, commonly known as "Grifola flower". The underground sclerotium is sweet and light in taste. In addition, it function gently, and is good at removing dampness and promoting dieresis. So it can be used to do with difficulty in micturition,dropsy edema, diarrhea, stranguria with turbid discharge and fluor. Polysaccharides of Grifola have good effect on antitumor, and can obviously promote the recovery of immune function of red blood cells.As an important Chinese traditional medicine, Polyporus umbellatus has been developed into a proprietary Chinese medicine preparations, used for preventing various disease, its demand has exceeded supply in the world market, and the price is expected to rise. But the technology associated with imitation of wild cultivation about Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia have many problems:shortage of germplasm resources, expensive, sclerotium quality is poor and degraded seriously. It is a tendency in the Polyporus umbellatus industry that sclerotium cultivation is insteaded by pure strains cultivated.The study about different level strains breeding characteristics of Polyporus umbellatus is still not perfected, there is no uniform standard, all of this restrict the provenance of Polyporus umbellatus pure strains of cultivation. Both sclerotium small and not easy to live lead to the technology associated with Polyporus umbellatus pure strains is not perfect yet. In this research, we collect and screen strains resources from all over the China. We study cultural characteristics of Polyporus umbellatus in defferent stage through observing and measuring mycelial morphology, growth rate and its extracellular enzyme activities in its three-stage, at the same time, we took a preliminary exploration about the technology of Polyporus umbellatus pure strains cultivation techniques. Our study can provide theoretical basis and help for cultivation techniques for rapid breeding and pure strains of Polyporus umbellatus. The main results as follows:A Preliminary study on the selection of optimum mother culture media for Polyporus umbellatus was conducted. The experiment results showed that the optimum medium was glucose 20g, yeast extract powder 5 g, KH2PO4 1g, MgSO4 1g, agar 8g and the water 1L. The GU-07 grew fastest in this medium, GU-6 is the second, their hyphae were white and not brown.During the liquid culture, extracellular enzyme activityvarious of Grifola strains had significant difference, GU-06 and GU-07 hyphae growed fast, fermentation time is short, extracellular enzyme activity is higher, enzyme activity began to decline in the sixth day.Liquid medium of Polyporus umbellatus suitable for the growth:20g glucose, yeast powder 5g, KH2PO4 1g, MgSO4 1g, water 1L and pH is natural. Its laccase, CMC enzyme, HC enzyme (hemicellulase), catechol oxidase and cellulase activity is greater than other medium;Screening of grifola culture medium,the cultivation medium of suitable Polyporus umbellatus for growth:broadleaf sawdust 60%, cotton seed shellis 20%, wheat bran 18%,1% gypsum,0.4% lime,0.5% sugar,0.1% KH2PO4. Under the formula, the mycelium in GU-07 were full of the tube in 30th days, the rest of formula is not full; The extracellular enzyme activity had differences in other formula, the extracellular enzyme activity have the same change trend in different periods different extracellular enzyme activity change is not the same. For example, carboxymethyl cellulase and hemicellulase activity medium decreased with the increase of broadleaf sawdust in medium, but the guaiacol oxidase, catechol oxidase and peroxidase activity increased with the increase of the broadleaf sawdust in medium.The optimum temperature of Polyporus umbellatus mycelia growing is 25 ℃, the optimal initial pH 7.5, the optimum substrates water content is between 64.3%～70.6%. The tolerance of temperature, pH and substrates moisture in GU-06 is better than the rest of the four strains to temperature, pH and substrates moisture resistance, followed by GU-07. The tolerance in defferent strains is different.Compare with defferent technique of imitating wild condition of the pure cultured mycelium, the hypha inoculated by Armillaria rods is the best way of cultivation, the hypha growth better, and sclerotium large. For growthing better, Polyporus umbellatus need Armillaria. Whether Armillaria can timely supplies to provide nutrition is the key to the survival of Polyporus umbellatus. |
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