Study On Adaptbility Of Several Winegrape Varieties In Yangling District Of Shaanxi Province

In this study, we investigated the phenological phase, botanical characteristics, growthand fruiting habits, berry and wine quality, disease resistance of5red wine grape varieties(WH10-11, WH10-12, WH10-14, Petit Verdot, Marselan) and2white wine grape varieties(WH10-13and Petit Manseng) with Merlot, Pinot Noir and Ecolly as control. The primaryconclusions were as follows:1. In2013, in Yangling Shaanxi, all the5red grape varieties and2white grape varietiespresent late-maturing. The beginning date of flowering of WH10-12, WH10-14and PetitVerdot is earlier than Merlot, while the other stages of phenological phase of5red varietiesare later than the Merlot and Pinot Noir. The days from bud burst to berry ripe of the5samples are7to14days longer than that of Merlot. Nevertheless, compared with Pinot Noir,the days from bud burst to berry ripe of WH10-12, WH10-14and Petit Verdot are2to5daysshorter respectively, that of Marselan is as long as Pinot Noir, and that of WH10-11is2dayslonger.Both beginning date of ripening and date of berry ripe of Petit Manseng are later thanEcolly, while the other stages of phenological phase of Petit Manseng are much earlier. Allstages of phenological phase of WH10-13are later than Ecolly. Both the days from bud burstto berry ripe of them are149days, which is5days less than that of Ecolly.2. According to the investigation about growth and fruiting habits, WH10-12performances well in every aspect. Marselan manifests the strongest growing potential amongthese red grape varieties, which has the highest percentage of bud burst, the highestpercentage of bearing shoots and the most cluster number every bearing shoot among all thesevarieties. However, its average berry weight is small, which may lead to the low yield perplant. WH10-11and WH10-14had high berry weight and yield per plant, but low percentageof bud burst. Petit Verdot show moderate in the percentage of bud burst, the percentage ofbearing shoots and the cluster number every bearing shoot, but inferior in average berryweight and yield per plant.Petit Manseng performances better than Ecolly. WH10-13performances best in the average berry weight and yield per plant, while whose percentage of bud burst is the lowest.3.The sugar content of berry of all the red grape varieties were more than170g/L. Andthe acid contents of berry of WH10-11, WH10-12and WH10-14are slightly less than6g/L.WH10-11does not show uniform in its maturation on same bunch, with purplish red, pink andyellow green skin.WH10-13had low sugar content and low acid content in Yangling district, while PetitManseng had high sugar content and high acid content. However, they didn’t show uniformlyin maturation on same bunch.4. During the full incidence period of grape downy mildew, WH10-14shows resistant togrape downy mildew, while WH10-11, WH10-12, Petit Verdot and Marselan show susceptibleto grape downy mildew.Petit Manseng performanced resistant to grape downy mildew, and WH10-13issusceptible to grape downy mildew.5. All the physical and chemical indexes of these wines meet the national standard. Thecontent of free extract of the Marselan wine is the highest, which is33.22g/L. The WH10-12wine contains the highest content of total phenols and tannin respectively, compared withother red dry wines.These five red wines performanced better than Pinot Noir in wine tasting, but worse thanMerlot. WH10-14gets the highest score and Petit Verdot gets the lowest score. Among thewhite grape varieties, Petit Manseng gets higher score than Ecolly, while WH10-13gets lowerscore than Ecolly.Therefore, WH10-12performanced excellent in every aspect among these Spanish grapevarieties, which is suitable for large-area promotion in Yangling Shaanxi. WH10-11gets highyield, but it tends to get uneven fruit coloration, which may be improved by using suitablecultivation techniques. WH10-11could be used to make other kinds wines. As WH10-14getsgreat score in wine tasting, we need explore new and appropriate cultivation techniques toimprove its yield. Due to low sugar content and low acid content, WH10-13cannot be used toproduce dry wine with high quality. As for its high yield, we can use WH10-13berries to tryother kinds wines.Among these French grape varieties, Marselan and Petit Manseng manifest high qualityin Yangling, thus, the two varieties can be used for large-area promotion. Because of the lowyield and poor vinification characteristics, Petit Verdot is not suitable to be planted inYangling.