Investigation Of The Comprehensive Characters Of The Main Winegrapes In Yangling

In this study, ten varieties, including 4 white varieties(Ecolly, Riesling, Chardonnay and Petit Manseng) and 6 red varieties(Dornfelder, Garanior, Meili, Merlot, Marselan and Syrah)were studies in Yangling. We investigated the botanical traits, economic biological properties,maturity curves and the quality of the single varietal wines of the ten varieties in order to provide basic varietal data for viticulture and research, and to provide preliminary basis for the subsequently varietal promotion in Yangling. All the vines were planted in the open field and under a conventional vineyard management. The results show as following:1. The botanical characters of the ten varieties’ young shoot, young leaf, mature leaf,bunch and berry were different from each other. The order of white varieties’ bunch weight from heavy to light was: Ecolly(209.60g)>Riesling(171.63g)>Petit Manseng(132.50g)>Chardonnay(125.87g), and the order of red varieties’ bunch weight was: Dornfelder(305.51g)> Meili(294.70g) > Merlot(200.75g) > Marselan(181.60g) > Syrah(178.40g) > Garanior(140.86g).2. The results of productivity showed that all varieties’ budbreak and bearing shoot rates were above sixty percent. And Garanior’s budbreak rate(84.83%), bearing shoot rate(92.73%),cluster number per bearing shoot(2.68) and berry set rate(70.39%) were in a higher level than other varieties.3. Under the climate condition of Yangling area, the beginning dates of budbreak of Chardonnay, Dornfelder, Garanior and Merlot were before April.1th, and others were around April.9th. Except Garanior, other varieties’ beginning dates of flowering were during the late May. Garanior and Dornfelder were the earliest varieties that entered the maturity, and Chardonnay, Riesling, Merlot and Meili were following, other varieties even later.4. Ecolly, Meili and Petit Manseng had the strongest disease resistance of downy mildew in these ten varieties in the climate conditions of Yangling. Dornfelder and Gananior also had a better comprehensive disease resistance because they have the cultivar property of early maturity, so they could avoid the period of downy mildew flourish. Chardonnay, Riesling and Merlot had the comprehensive middle disease resistance of downy mildew. Marselan andSyrah were sensitive to downy mildew.5. Generally, early maturing varieties usually have a better maturity in Yangling.Garanior had the best maturity in these ten varieties and its reducing sugar content, titratable acid content and maturing coefficient were 207.90g/L, 5.52g/L and 37.66, respectively.6. The single varietal wines of Garanior, Dornfelder, Riesling and Chardonnay which total score were all above 80 points were better than other varietal wines according to the results of sensory analysis.In conclusion, Ecolly and Meili as local main cultivars which have an excellent comprehensive character have a large cultivated area. In addition, Dornfelder, Garanior and Petit Manseng also have a good adaptability in Yangling, so we can put Dornfelder, Garanior,Petit Manseng, Ecolly and Meili together as the first echelon of variety promotion in Yangling area. Riesling, Chardonnay and Merlot were in the second echelon because they have a relatively good comprehensive characters. Marselan and Syrah are sensitive to downy mildew so their comprehensive character were not as good as the first and second echelons, for this reason, we put them as the third echelon.