| Compared with the sustained high growth and expanding funding research team, China’s scientific and technological innovation is still insufficient, especially in basic research breakthrough. Compared to the United States, the resource input put is about one third of United States, but less than 10% of the effective output of United States, More aroused public concern about the efficiency of research and production because of the recent emergence of some scientific corruption cases. Based on this, compared with the increasing research investment of resources, improving the surface incremental research resources research, and researching for optimizing resource allocation to improve resource allocation efficiency of research is necessary to move. Eighteen Third Plenary Session held by the end of 2013, the report of the conference showed that the core issue of economic reform is to address the relationship between the market and government, so that the market allocation plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources. Whether the system is not yet mature research development must also be configured to follow the market allocation in order to bring a decisive optimal allocation efficiency?In order to address the issues raised, this article explains the method of scientific resource allocation and the efficiency of scientific resource allocation, the theoretical basis for the allocation efficiency and configuration mechanism from a theoretical point .From the empirical point of view, this article can be divided into two kinds of research methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis.The results of qualitative analysis shows that human and financial resources are showing the distribution of most of the resources in the eastern part of the state, and which is greater than the sum of the central and western resources during the study period. The method of quantitative analysis is measuring the value of research resource allocative efficiency among all regions between 1998-2012 year by the DEA regional approach, from the lateral view, total factor productivity is high concentrated in areas of Shan’xi Province in eastern and western coastal areas, from the vertical perspective, efficiency had been improved after 2005, while efficiency had been decreased before 2005; secondly, establishing a GMM model based on the data of market rate of scientific resourse allocation and the a square configuration and its quadratic terms, introducing the strength of scientific research input, government action and market-oriented model as a control variable, doing the research of the relationship between configuration scientific research and allocative efficiency by two-step GMM model, on one hand, With the whole of scientific resource system as research subjects, found that the market configuration and allocation efficiency showing the relationship between "inverted U" shaped, the optimal allocation effect reached when the market share is 0.483, indicating that the market allocation is not completely configured to maximize of the efficiency; on the other hand, wiht universities, research centers and medium-sized enterprises as research subjects, results showed that: with university as a research subject, the market configuration and allocation efficiency research showing the relationship between the "inverted U" shaped, while the market share of 0.34 to achieve optimal configuration results; and with the medium-sized enterprises and research research institutes as research subjects, the market allocation and efficiency is positively related to relationship, and the promotion rate of allocative efficiency for the two research subjects raises with the increase of market allocation being increased. Finally, the policy recommendations about the implementation of differentiated configurations for three main research institution, rational treatment of the relationship between basic and applied, and establishing a multi-level and multi-form research funding system are presented in accordance with the empirical results. |
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