Research On Bus Passenger Flow Space-Time Distribution Based On IC Card Data And GPS Data

The spatial distribution and time distribution of urban bus passenger flow is the important basic data of urban transit network planning, transit hub planning, bus operation scheduling and bus traffic organization. Especially in recent years, the strategy status of public transportation in the urban transportation rise ceaselessly, building a higher service and higher efficiency of urban public transportation system is the urgent demand of the urban traffic development, so it is very important to obtain real-time and comprehensive public transit passenger data for the development of the public transportation. But the traditional artificial survey method is difficult to get real-time and comprehensive public transit data, on the other hand, as IC card Auto Fare Collection system and GPS Automatic Vehicle Location system widely used in domestic cities, large amounts of data can be used to analysis, then, it is possible to dig the bus passenger flow space-time distribution characteristics by using modern information technology.The essential purpose of digging bus passenger flow characteristic based on IC card is to provide real-time and comprehensive basic data for urban public transport planning and operation management, but the initial purpose of the IC card Auto Fare Collection system design is not for getting time and space distribution of the bus passenger flow, the IC data of integrated ticketing lines is missing the boarding and alighting station and time. In order to solve the problems of getting the transit flow space-time distribution by the IC Card data of integrated ticketing lines, this paper conducts research on acquiring the transit passenger flow space-time distribution based on IC card data and GPS data.Firstly, this paper introduces the feasibility of IC data and GPS data acquisition, the data structure of the original data, the method of original data preprocessing, and put forward the key field in IC card and GPS data structure and core data for digging the bus passenger flow space-time distribution characteristics. In order to solve the problem of missing the boarding station, the method of time matching based on IC data and GPS data is proposed to identify the boarding station; In order to solve the problem of missing the alighting station, the method of alighting station judgement based on bus travel chain and alighting probability is proposed, the method which based on bus travel chain takes full consideration of the condition of space and time, the method which based on alighting probability takes full consideration of passenger trip distance distribution and station attractive characteristics; In order to solve the problem of missing transfer record, on the basis of analyzing transfer spatial relationship, time relationship and passenger character, a "three stages" transfer identification model is proposed, the first stage is transfer spatial change, the second stage is transfer time change, the last stage is transfer passenger character change, the "three stages" transfer identification model can effectively reduce the transfer accuracy threshold to the space and the time dependence of the threshold.Finally, taking Kunshan IC data and GPS data for example, this paper carries out the method of boarding and alighting and station judgement and the "three stages" transfer identification model, the result validate that the methods and models in this paper is effective and applicable, so the characteristics of time and spatial distribution of public transit passenger flow which is the basic real-time data for urban transit planning and operation management can obtain by this way.