| Shaanxi traditional cave dwelling as a kind of landmark on the loess land of Shaanxi, is northern Shaanxi people’s home, settling the old loess culture. Shaanxi caves do not only have good practical value, but also have rich aesthetic significance. Doing research about these caves’ aesthetic significance can show the unique charm of the kind of building. This paper has tried to analysis these caves’ architecture and historical development, and widely distributed various types of cave dwelling in China as a holistic understanding to people. I tried to differentiate and analysis north of Shannxi caves’ features in all cave dwelling types in China, and find out the typical and traditional cave dwelling of Shaanxi for typical aesthetic inquiry.In this paper the author tried to explore the aesthetics of traditional cave dwelling of Shaanxi from six aspects. These six aspects are morphological meaning, function, decoration, space sense, ecological significance and cultural sense. The author will describe the six aspects respectively in details.Morphological meaning has two directions, macro and micro. The former one is combining the cave and the cave’s surrounding environment with itself, to reflect the aesthetic characteristics of the cave in the whole from a distance. The latter one is viewing from inside and outside of the cave, feel more cordial, immersive in nearby.Functional meaning is trying to sum up the cave aesthetic significance structure objects in three aspects: cave component parts, furnace display parts and layout of the courtyards. Two meaningful objects will be selected as each aspect’s representatives. The primary meaning of functional objects is functionality, aesthetic significance is followed by.Decoration meaning has selected carving, shaping, and picture the three adornment of northern Shaanxi cave art form. Shaanxi cave is a kind of simple construction, cave itself does not have many decorations, select the three decorative art form, manifests the plain cave still have beautiful pursuit.Space meaning has divided the cave space into two parts. One part is the core of the space inside the cave. The other part is the space around the cave dwelling, located in different distance outside the cave. Core space is described from two dimensions: front and back, up and down. The surrounding space around the cave, from the yard, barrier and villages and so on is spreading step by step. This has substantial benefits not only to the cave dwellers, but also on the aesthetic, which caves and environment mutual confluence, cave dwellers and environment mutual fusion. This kind of integration brings the aesthetic feeling.Cultural significance is depend on cultural characteristics of Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi cave and personality characteristics of Shaanxi as the three factors which also influence each other. The three factors constitute an integral part of the three dimensions. Three dimensions can be separated, but also can be united together as one.Overall, the aesthetic features of traditional Shaanxi cave dwelling is natural and plain, but also has rich aesthetic connotation. The northern Shaanxi is located in the border of agriculture and animal husbandry, farming civilization and nomadic civilization. Northern Shaanxi people both have these two civilization’s qualities, two kinds of mixture of life experience is also reflected in Northern Shaanxi cave. Traditional cave dwelling of Shaanxi has its delicate side, but the simple texture, simple, thick line controls the whole integral style. Natural, simple is the most significant aesthetic characteristics in northern Shaanxi cave, and also is Shaanxi cave dwelling culture’s connotation. |
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