A Coordination Method For Gathering-dispersing Capacity Of Urban Rail Transit Stations

With the rapid development of economy, urban rail transit is getting the favor of travelers because of its safety, high speed and punctuality. However, with the rapid growth of passenger flow, the contradiction between metro supply and passenger demand is more and more serious. Crowded passengers jam at station, bringing both operation difficulty and security problems. In order to solve the supply-demand matching problem, this thesis focuses on the urban rail transit station, and studies the station gathering-dispersing capacity coordination under network operation condition. In this study, the identification-relief method of bottlenecks, and the passenger flow control methods adapted to a single station and multiple stations are proposed respectively. A case study of a typical subway station is also implemented to verify the validity and practicability of the proposed methods.The main work in this thesis could be summarized as follows:(1) For the purpose of deeply understanding the problem, the thesis establishes the concept of station gathering-dispersing capacity coordination, which means the coordination between station capacity supply and passenger demand. Then, the influence factors, the solutions and adapting scenarios are also analyzed. In order to describe the cooperation effect quantitatively, the evaluation index system is presented. And the coordination procedure of station gathering-dispersing capacity is developed based on the value of evaluation indexes. According to the above content, the main points that this thesis wants to solve are further described.(2) To solve the lack and uncoordinated problem of station facilities, the identification-relief method of station bottlenecks is proposed. According to the causes of dynamic bottlenecks, dynamic bottlenecks were classified into two categories, i.e. primary bottlenecks and secondary bottlenecks. The dynamic bottleneck transmission characteristics were studied, and the correlation bottleneck and bottleneck cluster concepts were proposed to describe the bottleneck transmission mechanism. Furthermore, a bottleneck relief strategy was presented based on the sensitivity analysis, which reflects the effect of an individual bottleneck on the station gathering-dispersing capacity.(3) Aimed at the large passenger flow problem, the single-station passenger flow control method (SPFC) is proposed. The common solutions, the priority and the selection principle of passenger control nodes are discussed. A new passenger flow control idea based on streamlines is presented, in order to establish the relationship between the passenger flow volume of control nodes and other facilities. On this basis, a SPFC model is developed based on the mathematical programming method. The objective of the model is to maximize the number of passengers passing through control nodes.(4) Considering the influence of SPFC on the network, the multi-station passenger flow control method (MPFC) is proposed. We first explain what MPFC is and why we need it, and also analyze its influence on station congestion and passenger route choice. Then, this thesis presents a MPFC model, which uses the inbound and transfer passenger volume per unit time as the decision variables. The objective of the proposed model is to maximize the number of boarding passengers and minimize the average delay time. Afterwards, the method of successive average (MSA) algorithm is embedded to obtain the passenger assignment result, and the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the model.(5) Based on the theory and method proposed in this thesis, a case study of Huoying station and surrounding regional network is implemented to verify the validity and practicability of the proposed methods. The results shows that the theory and method proposed in the thesis can improve the coordination degree of station gathering-dispersing capacity effectively, and provide the theory evidence of station operation.