The Study Of Coastal Engineering Structures Design And Comparison

Coastal zone is the contact zone of the land and ocean, which is a global ecological environment fragile zone and vulnerable to sea level rise, storm surge and the impacts of human activities. The phenomenon such as shoreline change, coastal erosion and gulf siltation often appear while a series of coastal zone environmental problems like pollution also easily occur. Therefore, to engage in the research of coastal landscape evolution, understand its process and tendency, and master shore protection technology are important to development of port construction, coastal reclamation, tourism and utilization of nearshore resources.Coastal renovation measures in China still mostly use traditional hard engineering structures in the form of line protection. As comprehensive costal improvement is extremely costly and requires high-difficulty technology, it is now only carried out in some individual sea areas and there is no national coastal comprehensive improvement scheme. For marine spatial resources damaged problems such as coastal erosion, gulf siltation, there lacks systematic study of relevant regulation theory and engineering technological methodology, without normative regulation and planning or design method system for reference.In this paper, the concept of control volume is used to explain coastal evolution mechanism. Coast types, distribution and coastal features in China, and the reasons, research background of coastal problems are investigated. After comparing and analyzing coastal engineering manuals, specifications and successful renovation cases, the characteristics, design standards, technical norms, and application scopes of common shore protective structures such as seawall, spur dike, offshore breakwater, beach nourishment, artificial cape bay beach and accretion preventive structures like breakwater, jetty and the suggested combination way of several structures in order to have comprehensive regulation effect are given.For purpose of improving comprehensive utilization value of coastal zone and giving full play to its economic, social and ecological benefits, coastal protection concept has been changed from the original line protection to plane protection, which means comprehensive improvement and development measures are applied to whole coastal zone. Taking example by domestic and overseas successful engineering cases, the principles and methods of coastal comprehensive improvement and development are summarized. Finally a conclusion is made and the deficiency of this article is pointed out.