Safety Analysis Of Oil Depot Process Based On Hazop Method

HAZOP analysis, also called hazard and operability, developed by the British Imperial Chemical Company, has been widely used in the risk evaluation work on various domestic and foreign process and project since the 1970 s. In some western developed countries, HAZOP analysis is even required to be carried out compulsively for building new projects or expanding former ones. In recent years, some domestic research institutes, universities and enterprises, such as PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC, and so on, all tend to carry out HAZOP analysis successively when they are to design new devices.This paper studies the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional HAZOP analysis method, and confirms that using merely traditional HAZOP analysis to deal with complex accidentis simply not sufficient, for its excessively depending on the experience, analysis repeating, unable to determine logical relationship between result and reason, unable to make sureeffectiveness of each security measures, and its inability to tell whether or not the risk can be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level. In order to identify risks and prevent accidents more effectively, this paper puts forward a new idea to improve the HAZOP analysis method, that is, "HAZOP+FTA+LOPA", a three-in-one combined security risk assessment theory system. In this paper, we first introduce basic principle, characteristics and analysis steps of Hazardand Operability Analysis(HAZOP), Fault Tree Analysis(FAT), and Layer of Protection Analysis(LOPA), as well as the advantages of the newly integrated evaluation method. In the following chapter, the paper introduces the general situation of the South Oil Depot Project in The Storage and Transportation Sales Branch Companyin Daqing oil field, and lists items about how to identifurelated risk factors. With the project of process-safety analysis in South Oil Depot as research object, HAZOP/ FTA/ LOPA analysis method is applied in acturel research and case analysis. The advantages of the improved methodare also discussed, when effects of comparingwith the traditional HAZOP method alone. For detailed discussion in successive chapters, first, we use fault tree analysis method, viewing consequences as the top event, we analyze the logic relationsbetween intermediate events and basic events, and we calculate parameters of structure important degree of each basic event. As for protective layer analysis, the paper analyzed the potential risk of accident scene, recognized independent protection layer and response-failure frequency, calculated residual risk of the mitigated event when with no additional security measures, and the corresponding residual risk of the mitigated event when do having additional security measures. Thus, the accuracy of HAZOP analysis is enhanced greatly.This paper creatively combinated HAZOP, FTA, and LOPA together, and put the improvedsecurity risk evaluation theory system in the safety evaluation of South oil depot. Effective safety measures are developed, considering actual situation of South oil depot, providing strong guarantee for the smooth operation of the crude oil storage. In addition, the improved method is of great reference value for the rational allocation of security resources and reduce the loss of accidents in the future.