Preparation And Properties Of Heterogeneous Catalysts For The Polymerization Of Long Chain Alpha Olefins

Poly alpha olefin(PAO) is a kind of high-performance synthetic base oil. Compared with other kinds of base oil, it has significant advantages in improving fuel economy, reducing environmental pollution and prolonging the life of equipment. In terms of lubricating oil enterprises, a good commend of PAO production technology may enhance their control of market share of premium lubricating oil. Therefore, the research on the development of PAO has drawn much attention. In this paper, using AlCl3 catalyst, chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst(MIMHCl-AlCl3) and the immobilized catalyst(AlCl3/SiO2) in the reaction of oligomerization of 1-decene, the effects of the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time et al. on the oligomerization of 1-decene were systematically studied. And the properties of the PAO products catalyzed by the three catalysts were compared.The findings revealed that when AlCl3 was used as the catalyst in the reaction of oligomerization of 1-decene, under the condition with 5 mass% of catalyst, reaction temperature of 70℃, and reaction time of 4h, the PAO product showed the kinematic viscosity of 132.99mm2/s at 40℃ and 18.99mm2/s at 100℃ and the viscosity index of 162 was obtained;When MIMHCl-AlCl3 was used as the catalyst in the reaction of oligomerization of1-decene, under the condition with 8 mass% of catalyst, reaction temperature of 80℃, and reaction time of 4h, the PAO product presented the kinematic viscosity of 46.68mm2/s at 40℃and 8.20mm2/s at 100℃ and the viscosity index of 148 was got. Further, the result of pyridine absorption IR of AlCl3/SiO2 indicated that the surface of the catalyst contains L acid and B acid simultaneously. When AlCl3/SiO2 was used as the catalyst in the reaction of oligomerization of 1-decene, under the condition with 20 mass% of catalyst, reaction temperature of 60℃, and reaction time of 4h, the PAO product presented the kinematic viscosity of 17.29mm2/s at 40℃ and 4.15mm2/s at 100℃ and the viscosity index of 151. The IR and TG investigation on the PAO product indicated that the polymerization occurred in the reaction of oligomerization of 1-decene. The GC result indicated that the conversion of the monomer is 95.48%. The 1H NMR result showed the branch degree of the product is 0.21.These findings suggested that the product needs the decolorization process when AlCl3 catalyst and MIMHCl-AlCl3 catalyst were used. However, when immobilized catalyst AlCl3/SiO2 was used as catalyst, the product does not need the process of decolorization because the PAO product shows a colorless and transparency appearance. Meanwhile,AlCl3/SiO2 catalyst has the advantages of being simply produced and easily recycled et. al.