Beijing Haze Management: Government - Led Multi - Agent Cooperation Model Research

In recent years, "haze" appears frequently as China’s rapid economic growth,industrialization and urbanization accelerating, which was making haze problem in Bei jing like lead wei ghts pressure on the gover nment and the people’s heart. People cannot help but asking who is the culpri t of our air pollution and how do we to change thi s situation?After the reform and opening up, the rapid economic developme nt had greatly promoted social development. However extensive dilated main way of economic growth was at the expense of the i ntere sts of the environment in our country at prese nt which had brought unreasonable, inefficient use of resources de velopment and made growing haze pollution. Excessive pr efere nce for economic in our social economic development had resulted in frequent haz e pol luti on in Beij ing---serious atmos pheric pollution, coupled with the cur r ent coal- domina te d energy consum ption of fue l(although already ha s a big chang e)in Beijing a s well as the expansion of city scale and the r apid incre ase of private c ar share etc to make a substantial increase in harmful industrial emissions. Beijing’s serious haz e pollution have dir ectly affected the quality of human existence and survival, endangered people’s heal th and re str ict ed economic development of Beijing.Air deterioration had become the bottleneck of China’s economic development and constra ints, especi all y in today’s fas t-growing urbanization. According to t he related media report s, the urban pollution in large c iti es especially haz e pol lution(PM2.5 pollution in big cities) pr evention was a must face problem. It was estimated that about 20 mi llion people prema ture deaths each year and t he economic losses was up more than 500 billi on doll ars due to the hazards of air polluti on in our country.Air pollution and the huge losses of public health had attracted widespread attention.Air poll ution c ontrol had become the main agenda at all levels of gover nment in Bei jing-Tianjin-Hebei region and other a reas. Publ ic governa nce the ory that put forward,that governme nt public sectors was mainly exercising public authority to achieve the public interests, the effect ive provisi on of public se rvices and the i nitiative for public welfare. Beijing government had took haze gove rnance as a government performance eva luation index and a lso issued a document a s the gove rnment acts to actively c ontrol haz e pollution. In recent years, Beijing government had unveiled "Beijing 2012 ~ 2020 air pollution cont rol measures", " Beijing heavy air pollution emergency plan(Trial)", "Beijing2013 ~ 2017 Cl ean Air Action Plan". Haze pollut ion devel opment of the capital had also aroused gre at concern of cent ral authorit ies. In September 2013, the State Councilpromulgated the "Action Plan for prevention and control of atmos pheric pollution " and proposed comprehensive measures to alleviate at mospheric pollut ion of Bei jing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River pollution region. The Envi ronmental Protection Department subsequently issued " Action plan for pr evention and control of atmospheri c pollution t o implement the implementation details in Bei jing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the surr ounding areas". To ac hieve the plan, it had put forward a s evere r eality t o the government in air pollution, especially haze gove r nance.Therefor e, the study of at mospheric pollution in Beijing(for example by haze)governance model was to establish long-term, rational, s trong governme nt l eading mult i s ector al strategic cooperation mechanism and coordinate the interes ts of the parties, whi ch was the only wa y for long- term healthy deve lopment. It also had contemporary and urgent nec essi ty to propose the new mode of c ompr ehensive haze control in Bei jing.There were following four problems in the present st age of Beijing haze governance :firstl y, the case of market fai lure existed in the presence of haze governance which requir ed governme nt leading. However the subject wa s not clearly defined and vacancy and disloc ation pr oblem in integrate d manageme nt of haz e prevention and c ontrol exist ing in the government(a t differ ent levels). Secondly, the res ponsibilities of re levant depa rtment s within the government were unclear, the rights and obligations were unequa l,the existence of multi ple management and l ong regardless of the situation, leading difficult to coordinate the rel ati onship betwee n different interest groups. Thirdly, evaluation mechanism of haze governance was i mperfect, lack of assessment system and system construc tion. There had not formed environme nt GDP and livable index oriented eva luation index system. All levels of government stil l took economic GDP as to asse ss much work. Fourthly, the missing link of social organiz ati ons and c itizens to participate in governance had resulted in low efficienc y. Mul ti departments, gridded governance model was to solve deficiencies and difficulties of comprehensive government presenc e in the haz e governance. Under the trend of se r vice-oriented government role t ransformation, the governme nt should redefine its rol e, cl ear multi sect oral responsibilities and performance apprais al criteria, give full consideration to the aut hority and bene fit, de fine each depa rtment responsibility under the new policy, market and public opinion ba ckground. At the same ti me, timely bringing t he market, social organizations and citizens which can give full play the role of the e nterprise,the business and society organizations i n a dditi on to the governme nt in the manageme nt was to form a gover nment leading multi s ector al gr id compre hensive governance management mode l to achieve the haze governance results.Bei jing’s " haze siege" s itua tion may be improved.The construct ion of multi department coope r ati on of the government l eading grid haz e governance model involved va r ious theories: the theory of publ ic governance,organiz at ion al behav ior the ory, the theory of publ ic admin istration, public eco nomi c the or y,the t heory of sustainable devel opment, ecological and economic theory and the the ory of circular economy a nd many other theoretical basis. The theory of public governance was main t heory. The gove r nment must assume the dominant posi tion in the haze governance and management capacity because of the haze as a common benefit and j oint consumption of special public goods.This paper was aiming to analyze the complexity of haze collaborative gove rnance and t he proble m of lack of rela ted laws on the basis of the theory of public gove rnance through lea r ning the domestic and foreign present experience as wel l as cooperation and relations of various government department s and the individual int erests. This paper was combi ned with the " the new model questionnaire related to Beijing haze governance issues " on the governance ha ze-re lat ed departments such as Beijing Municipal Commi ssion of Health and Family Planning, Institute of Environment Health and Rel ated Pr oduct Sa fety of China CDC, Daxing CDC, Fengtai CDC, "He alth " agency, medica l s taffs of community he alth centers, Fengtai Dist rict Environmental Prot ect ion Bureau,commu nity re sidents. A total of 230 pe rsons were targe ted in investigation. This pape r was in a n effort to combine Theory a nd Practice(Case analysis + model + questionnair e ana lysis) on the basis of materials, and de eply exc avating dr awbacks of haze governance mode at the pres ent st age. The paper put forward "government leading multi sectoral,network governance mode l" selec tion and pr oposed to strengthen the s ystem construction,also combined wit h the adjustment of index of performance appra isal, adjusted to market-oriented, rational allocated resources and standardize d adminis trative power, clear right s responsibiliti es, hi ghlighting the government l eading, stre ngthen social supe r vis ion and the grid construction, i mpor ted soci al forces to participa te in haze governance. Taking s pecific me asures to improve the effectiveness evaluation as well as mor e in-depth and s ustained cooperation for ha ze collaborative governance was to provide effective advice and suggestions for the government participating and leading in haze gover nance.This paper consis ts of introduction, tes t, and conclusion.