Climatic Change Laws And Spatial Differentiation Of Taibai Mountain In 55 Years

Qinling is not only China’s north-south geographical boundaries, but also the demarcation line between subtropical humid climate and semi-humid climate of warm temperate zone. Taibai mountain is located in the qinling girder known as "China’s central park" which is the highest mountain in the east of mainland China, its unique geographical location and complex environment conditions provided the best mountainous climate change research area.This article is based on the temperature and precipitation data in 1959-2013 from the 13 meteorological sites and the temperature and precipitation data of 2013-2014 from 11 relatively high altitude sites around the Mt.Taibai. By combining GPS on the spot check data, DEM data set, the application of GIS spatial analysis to analyze the taibai mountain climate change, aimed at looking for climate change rule and the change of time and space distribution charateristics during the last 55 years. The obtained results and progress are as the following:(1) The temperature rise significantly,but the precipitation change is not obvious in taibai mountain area during the 55 years.The annual mild season mean temperature of 55 years in Taibai mountain presents a obvious rising trend,annual average temperature mutation period is 1997 for both southern and north aspect, and the the temperature rises significantly faster after mutation than before mutation.Climate tendency rate difference of average temperature of the four seasons is bigger during the 55 years, temperature effect was mostly pronounced in the winter, the strength of temperature is greater in the north slope than the south slope significantly.During the 55 years, rainfall difference is bigger and showed no significant decline, the annual average precipitation is 717 mm, climate tendency rate was 7.55 mm/10 a. Seasonal precipitation change trend is not obvious, both south slope and north slope in spring and autumn are declining, while the summer and winter, north and south slope did not show significant growth trend.Precipitation exists differences in north and south slope and elevation.(2) Extreme low temperature were significantly increased between the north and the south slope of the taibai mountain in 55 years, and extreme high temperature vairation is not obvious.Extreme high temperature of taibai mountain in 55 years of north slope are low temperature ranges for 24 ℃-30 ℃ and 1 ℃-9 ℃ respectively, extreme high temperature of southern slope area range is 23 ℃-30 ℃and low temperature range is 3 ℃-1℃. Most of the north slope and the south slope of extreme low temperature and extreme low temperature is under 0 ℃, there is a 4 ℃ difference between them.Extreme low temperature of both north and south slope exists significant mutations, the mutation point of the north slope is in 1979,south slope is in 1986 respectively, the north slope temperatures rise significantly after mutation less than the speed of the south slope of temperature rise rate;We found no obvious mutation for extreme high temperature between the north and south slope. If there was elevation differences, the change of extreme temperature and extreme high temperature in high altitude mutations exists in 1996 presented a trend of increasing.(3) The vertical lapse rate of taibai mountain had differences in elevation.According to the Temperature data on different altitude meteorological sites, high altitude temperature change and the low altitude temperature change showed regional distributions. With an altitude boundary of 1500 m, the temperature changing rate is different. Average annual moderate temperature at low altitudes and July showed higher rate than that of high altitude, but there were no significant difference both in January.Vertical lapse rate does not only changes over altitude, duiring different months of the year there were also obvious differences, namely within the study of climate change, especially for spatial interpolation of vertical lapse rate should be different as the of time and elevation changes, a constant value is not enough to apply(0.65癈/100m).(4) Taibai mountain’s annual average temperature rise faster in southeast and the northwest region, rising tendency of mean temperature in January and July of the south slope is faster than the north slope in 55 year.For 55 years, annual average temperature in Taibai mountain mainly distributed from 2.8 ℃ to 11.4 ℃, low altitude area temperature of Taibai mountain in the southern and northern is higher, low temperatures and high altitude area;In northwest and southeast region of Taibai mountain temperature rise faster than the northeast region. Temperature is below 0 ℃ in Taibai mountain in January, and the temperature ranges in 12.15 ℃-0.89 ℃;The temperature of July is all above 8 ℃, and the temperature ranges in 8 ℃-23.3 ℃.January and July mean temperature in the south slope had higher rising tendency than the north slope.