Studies On Income Distribution Thoughts Of Eastern Zhejiang Pratical School In The Southern Song Dynasty

Since China had entered the private ownership society, the polarization between rich and poor had become a common social phenomenon. This phenomenon was more severe in Song Dynasty. When the Song Dynasty founded, it carried out the land policy of "Not established field system, not merged " that made land pushed by power and market to merge and combine which had expanded the polarization rapidly. Forced to livelihoods, a large number of farmers had lost their land and poured into the city which they promoted economic prosperity and also brought the expansion of urban wealth gap. In facing of the increasingly serious social phenomenon, The eastern ZheJiang pratical school in the Southern Song Dynasty made a unique and comprehensive income distribution which tried to find reasonable distribution of social wealth, promoting economic development and safeguarding social stability.The object of study in this paper was three main representatives of the eastern ZheJiang pratical school in the Southern Song Dynasty which were Chen Liang of Yongkang school, Yeshi of Yongjia School, Lvzuqian of Jinhua school. Through their views to get a comprehensive thoughts of income and distribution. This paper will be divided into the following three parts:The first part is an introduction. It will clarify the origin and academic significance of this topic, analyze the related concepts and describe the research theory and method. The Song Dynasty implemented a more laissez-faire land policy that made the land annexation become a very serious problem and led to soaring inequality. Faced with this social phenomenon, from utilitarian point of view, the eastern ZheJiang pratical school in the Southern Song Dynasty presented a unique proposition of distribution to create a reasonable distribution of social wealth, promote economic development and maintain social stability.The second part includes three chapters. It described the initial, secondary and tertiary distribution ideas of the eastern ZheJiang pratical school in the Southern Song Dynasty respectively. The second chapter discusses the five production factors of distribution principles which were land, capital, management, technology and labor force of the eastern ZheJiang pratical school in the Southern Song Dynasty. Then it focuses on the distribution of contradiction reconciled among the different production factors. It can be summarized some contradictions such as land and labor, capital and technology, capital and labor, the between capital and management factors and so on. The third chapter describes the second distribution thoughts that contained tax adjustment and the social security. It discoursed the views of four different classes, privilege, upper, middle and lower and their points of social security. The fourth chapter discusses the third distribution thoughts, mainly embodied in the folk charitable. It talked the views of different classes should assume the folk charitable responsibility and the folk charitable types which included three types, Blood charitable, philanthropic and geopolitical karmic charitable.The last part summaries the income and distribution thought of the eastern ZheJiang pratical school in the Southern Song Dynasty. This thought produced and developed in the Tang and Song Dynasty which occurred great changes, it represented the interests of emerging enriching groups that with a strong anti-traditional features and it also reflected the utilitarian ideas of the eastern ZheJiang pratical school in the Southern Song Dynasty. In conclusion, their thoughts occupied a significant position in the history of China and had a profound impact on the future generations.