Research On The Content Transition Of Genetics And Evolution Based On Middle School Biology Textbooks In One Hundred Years

From the end of the Qing Dynasty, China society has enormous changes, along with thesocial change and regime changes, basic education also has dramatic changes. After thefounded of People’s Republic of China, a series of curriculum reform have taken place inbasic education, content of middle school textbooks also had great changes. Biologytextbooks are the carrier of biology curriculum, the direct reflection of biology curriculumtarget, and the reform of them is the core of curriculum reform. Studying the contenttransition of middle school biology textbooks over the past century, will have a goodinspiration on the compilation and development of middle school biology textbooks, which isof certain realistic significance.This article selected14mainstream textbook samples from the late Qing Dynasty, usedthe method of historical literature and content analysis to statistic analyze research thegenetics and evolution content of middle school biology textbooks. Used the improvement ofgenetics in the20thcentury, the improvement of biology curriculum, the changes of teachingprogram, and the construction process of biology textbooks as background, analyzed geneticsand evolution content of samples form the below four aspect: quantity of content, coreconcept, logic system, and genetics new achievements. The results showed that:The development of genetics and evolution content of middle school biology textbookswas the result of joint action of curriculum development and subject development. Thegenetics and evolution content selected for Biology textbooks was the reappear of geneticsdevelopment history to some extent, but simultaneously restricted by development of biologycurriculum, so the writing must also take the affection of national policies, foreign curriculumideas, special historical events and other factors into account. With different leading factors indifferent historical periods, biology textbooks had distinctive characteristics of the times:from end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republican of China, textbooks almost had noknowledge of genetics, but because of the spread of evolutionary thought in Late Qing, therehave been more knowledge of the evolution; from the founded of People’s Republic of Chinato the end of Cultural Revolution, political factors played a important role in textbooks’writing, the genetics content was restrict in Michurin doctrine, many genetic outcomes wereexcluded and criticized; after the Cultural Revolution to the end of20thcentury, textbooksintroduced a large number of modern genetics content, and focused on skills content andemotional content; walking into the new curriculum reform in the new century, content oftextbooks followed closely to reflect core concepts and recent advances in biological sciences,also payed more attention to link with real life and the applications in production practices. Laws of content transition of genetics and evolution based on middle school biologytextbooks in one hundred years are as follows: The quantity of genetics and evolution contentis becoming bigger, emphasize integrated knowledge, ability, and emotion “three-in-one”education content, and knowledge manifestations; core concepts are more brief and rigorous,pay attention to the history of science, and give prominence to process and method;educational objective become diversification, genetics logic system from none to existence,and accordance with psychological cognition rule of students; the delay time of textbooks’renew after genetics new achievements is shorter, biological sciences development has swiftereffect on textbooks, the proportion of genetics knowledge, skills, and modern applications atmolecular level have significantly increased.According to the above conclusions, this paper put forward proposals as follows: thewriting of textbooks must seek the best balance point of the three factors—discipline, students,and social, the contents selecting of textbooks must pay attention to the basic, reflect the times,and closely link to the core concepts.