On "Gongsun Long" Of Linguistic History

In this paper, we will talk about the linguistic thought of Gong Sun Long Zi from the idea of Ming and Shi, semantics and grammar. So this paper will tell people the value of Gong Sun Long Zi in the linguistics and the history of linguistics.This article includes five chapters.The first chapter is introduction, in which we talk about Gong Sun Long and Gong Sun Long Zi, research status of Gong Sun Long Zi, the research perspective and innovative thing about this article, the research process of this article.In the second chapter, we talk about the idea of Ming and Shi in Gong Sun Long Zi. In the Ming Shi Lun, Gong sun Long has explained four terms wich are Ming, Shi, Wu and Wei. In his opinion, the relationship between Ming and Shi is the relationship of Ming, Wu, Shi, and Wei. Gong sun Long tells us that when we correct Ming, we should firstly correct Shi; the correction of the relationship between Ming and Shi needs to be in line with the principle of "Wei hu bi ci"and "Dang hu bi ci"; we should notice that Ming and Shi is mutative.In the third chapter, we talk about the semantics thought of Gong Sun Long Zi. In the Zhi Wu Lun, Gong sun Long tells us that we can put the objective things in the outside world into internal world and change the objective things into mental awareness content through the understanding process of "Zhi Ren". So people can observe and grasp the mental awareness content in their internal world. The semantics is the part of the mental awareness content, so the semantics is in our internal world. In the Jian Bai Lun, Gong sun Long tells us that we can put the objective things in the outside world into internal world and change the objective things into semantics through sight and sense of touch. Gongsun Long has his own opinion on the semantic classification; we can know his semantic classification idea in the Jian Bai Lun. When explaining the relationship between semantic and the objective things, the relationship of Ming, Shi and Wu which is supported by contemporary philosophy of language analysis is more correct and reasonable than the theory of semantic triangle.In the forth chapter, we talk about the grammar thought in Gong Sun Long Zi. More than2000years ago, when Gong sun Long talks about grammatical problems, he does not use the grammatical terms which are morpheme, word and phrase, but he has realized that there are morpheme, word and phrase in the language and there is relationship in these grammatical units. In the Bai Ma Lun and Tong Bian Lun, Gong sun Long has talked about many grammatical problems:morpheme can form the word; word and the ingredient of the word are different; the ingredient of compound word dose not have the value of this compound word; the grammatical unit is mutative, and some phrase may be changed into word.The fifth chapter is epilogue. In this chapter, we talk about the research achievement and the shortcoming of this article.