Relationship Of Tribute And Grant Between The Oirats And Ming Dynasty

In early Ming Dynasty, there were three Mongolian regimes:the Tartar, the Oirats, the three protected-regions of the Wu-Liang-Ha in the northern desert of China.Chinese people in Ming Dynasty named Western Mongols as the Oirats. In the early15th century, The Oirats or Western Mongols increased theirs strength of in the political and economic, strengthen the military force, finally briefly unified the whole Mongols under Toghon and Esen’s rule, and reached their peak through the great efforts of generations.Relationship of tribute and grant was an economic communication way between the Oirats and Ming government through the "tribute" and "reward". It was not only a kind of political relations, but also a kind of economic relations. After the founding of Ming Dynasty, in order to properly deal with the relationship with Oirats, Ming government took some measure. They allowed Oirats to regularly send their missions to China, and gave them generous reward, at the same time they traded with the Oirats in specified region. Cause building relationship of tribute and grant between the Oirats and Ming Dynasty reasons to may came from the following respects:politics, economy, military affairs and other areas; analysis of these reasons was the premise and foundation of research about relationship of tribute and grant between the Oirats and Ming Dynasty. First of all, we could conclude various tributary traits and kinds by analyzing the detailed cases of tributary missions sent by Oirats from in the early15th century to the16th century; second, we would completely discuss the system of Tribute and Grant between the Oirats and Ming Dynasty. The reason of Ming Dynasty allowed the exchange of tribute and granting with the Oirats was because of implementing Jimi policy through economic exchanges, strengthen the connection and control between the dynasty of central plains and the regimes of the minority, at the same time, because of fine horses from the Oirats by using of rewards and gifts or market exchange. But it was to strengthen the connection in politics, economy and culture objectively.In a word, the establishment and development of relationship of tribute and grant between the Ming Dynasty and the Oirats is very important to study the policy of appeasement during the Ming Dynasty, which is the content can not be ignored in Western history. Today we can get some reference value and can draw some lessons and learn how to deal with the ethnic problems from this research.