From The "World Of Thought" To The "Real World"

Throughout the history of Western philosophy, traditional philosophers make philosophy foundedon the abstract "world of thought", and from this "world of thought" to explain the "real world", LudwigFeuerbach very dissatisfied with this philosophy theory, he believes that this is the result of the "world ofthought" be realistic, but the "real world" has been thought Thus, Feuerbach tried to make the philosophyfrom the "world of thought" to the "real world", he resorted to the principle of "perceptual intuition"comprehensive critique of speculative philosophy represented by Hegel in this big philosophicalchange,and constructed his "new philosophy". Feuerbach made a great contribution to resort to theprinciple of "perceptual intuition", but "perceptual intuition" existed theoretical shortcomings frombeginning to end: perceptual intuition directly facing the object itself leads to non-human property nature;the nature of the non-initiative of perceptual intuition resulted in the lack of human subjectivity; the natureof the non-generative of perceptual intuition caused the historical idealism. So, Feuerbach tried to make thephilosophy from the "world of thought" to the "real world"—this philosophy steering of meaningful andhopeful did not bring new life to philosophy. Drawing on the "nourishment" of perceptual intuition theoryof Feuerbach, at the same time, it is also the ideological task of Marxist philosophy to expose and criticizeits theoretical defects.For this kind of abstract understanding of nature of the Western tradition philosophy, Feuerbachhas been aware of this abstract is the dismemberment of the natural world, only save nature from theabstract to the bondage, and recover its independent existence, can the nature has the reality significance.He believes that only through "perceptual intuition" to provide a realistic, complete nature. Therefore, hebased on the principles of its "Objective Sensibility" to nature as the "perceptual object" Marx was Stronglyagree with the theory of motivation of Feuerbach resort to "perceptual intuition" gives a realistic andcomplete nature, because he believes that Feuerbach to maintain the authority of the materialism. However,in Marx’s view, the scale of intuition restricts the depth and intensity of the "critical", and always existtheoretical shortcomings. However, Feuerbach understands of the "perception" is only from the "intuitive",and understood the nature only as a "perceptual object" rather than "perceptual activity". Therefore, in Marx’s opinion, only by perceptual intuition can not achieve a true understanding of the "real world", butwill make the nature have the non-human attribute, which eventually led to the nature is still called nature’sthoughts.Philosophers of the Western traditional philosophy are mainly to understand people from arational perspective. This means that the role of human is great progress. However, in Feuerbach’s opinion,when the traditional philosophers attribute the essence of man as a rational, while demeaning or evenexclude out the emotional aspects of the person, the integrity of the people will also be divided, the personwe see are not complete, realistic, but abstract, one-sided. He believed that must be returned philosophy aliving, realistic, complete person, therefore, he is not satisfied with the "abstract thinking" but to"perceptual intuition", and understood people as "perceptual objects". However, in Marx’s view, Feuerbachjust thinks of people as "perceptual object" is not enough, it will cause the lack of the subjective dimension,so eventually the person again abstraction.Modern philosophy, view of history in Hegel’s philosophy of history reached its peak. Hebelieves that the rational is the essence of the world and rule the world, therefore, to him, history is just thespirit of self-start the development process. Feuerbach resolutely opposed to Hegel as the representative ofthe speculative philosophy of history view logic processing mode of history, because he think that it is akind of neither time nor space principle of history, in his view, this history is not exist. Feuerbach had beenaware of speculative philosophy represented by Hegel of the anti-historical. Therefore, Feuerbach tried toresort to "perceptual intuition" to understanding of the "real nature" and "real person", and to save historyof "real person" from Hegel’s philosophy of rational. He thought it would be beyond the speculativephilosophy represented by Hegel and the whole traditional philosophy, and to maintain the authority of thematerialist. However, in Marx’s view, Feuerbach simply appeal to "perceptual intuition", reflected the justis a kind of non-historical, anti-historical way of thinking. This way of thinking to understand the historywill inevitably lead to historical idealism.On the basis of inheritance and critique of Hegel’s dialectics and Feuerbach’s perceptualintuition，Marx established the principle of "perceptual activity". Through the principle that Marxultimately not only find the way to the "real world" of the road and truly understand the "real person", atthe same time, it is also make the "real person" history to be able to really generate, which created the materialist conception of history.