Research On National Government’s Industrial And Mining Policies For Private Enterprises During Anti-Japanese War

The weak industrial base in wartime motivated China to actively develop national economy,modernize the economy and take advantage of all forces in order to achieve victory in the war. During the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government controlled the economic system so as to ensure the supply of ammunition and civilian goods, which was conducive to the victory of the war. However, mistakes occurred in the formulation and implementation of industrial and mining policies for private enterprises, which also planted a hidden danger for the collapse of post-war government. Through this, it was visible that the relationship between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises was not only an important economic relation, but also an important political variable relating to the stability of the whole society, even the regime——the social superstructure.Focusing on the period between 1937 and 1945, the dissertation takes industrial and mining policies for private enterprises as research object and systemically discusses the theoretical background, purpose and specific initiatives, as well as the impact of National Government’s industrial and mining policies for private enterprises during Anti-Japanese War. As an indispensable background, the introduction part illustrates the reason for selecting this topic and summarizes the academic history, basic logic and points of view about this essay. In addition to the introduction, the essay is divided into four parts:Part I:Background of National Government’s formulation on industrial and mining policies for private enterprises. The part discusses the theoretical basis, historical background and practical basis of National Government’s industrial and mining policies for private enterprises. It was regarded that those policies in the war took the following aspects as basis:Sun Yat-sen’s Economic Thought of the People’s Livelihood, overseas thought about planned and controlled economy, needs of the war and the impact of the historical origins held by ruling class of each dynasty that national strength dominated the economic construction. In the mid-1930s, National Government had begun to vigorously develop the state-owned enterprises, strengthen the national capital and had made the monopoly of the financial capital before the war.PartⅡ:National Government’s industrial and mining policies for private enterprises in the preliminary stage of Anti-Japanese War. This part illustrates changes of National Government’s economic and administrative institutions and its industrial and mining guidelines, summarizes the content of industrial and mining policies, and analyses the effect of these policies at the beginning of the war. I believed that it’s of positive significance for the National Government to timely adjust the operating mechanism of national economy and economic policies and guidelines at that time to adapt to the situation as soon as possible. By means of inducting migration of private factories and mines in the war zone, assisting migrated factories to return to work, preparing the frame of relevant control decrees to industrial and mining industries and formulating and implementing award incentives to industry at the rear war zone, China’s strength for resistance was improved greatly, while the development of private industrial and mining sectors at the rear war zone was pushed forward at the beginning of the war.PartⅢ:National Government’s industrial and mining policies for private enterprises in the middle and late stage of Anti-Japanese War. This part illustrates changes of National Government’s economic and administrative institutions and its industrial and mining guidelines, summarizes the specific content of industrial and mining policies, and analyses the influence of these policies in the middle and late stage of the war. It’s believed that during this period, National Government gradually decreased its support to private factories and mines, whereas vigorously increased the capital of state-owned enterprises in this field and made the monopoly. The competition for profit between private and state-owned enterprises outstood. Impacted by the historical background and internal factors, plus mistakes of National Government’s related economic policies, private industries and mines shrank from prosperity in the beginning of the war and stepped to the opposite of the National Government.PartⅣ:Conclusion. The part is the summary and extension of the former text. It believed that the positive aspect of industrial and mining policies for private enterprises formulated by National Government was to support the victory of the war to some extent. However, those policies had severe internal contradictions and the shaped economic policies were not performed well in the real economy. In addition, this part analyses and elaborates the pros and cons of state-owned and private enterprises, points out that the state-owned and private enterprises should be developed hand in hand in the national economic operation.