| Grain is very important strategic materials, related to all aspects of political, military and society, related to the outcome of the war. During the period of Anti-Japanese War, in order to deal with the food and the food crisis, the national government has taken a series of food control policy.The early stages of the war, the national government formulated food control policy related, but did not occur in the food crisis, prices did not appear skyrocketing trend, and even some areas also show prices decline, rations of food supply can basically meet the. Therefore, the national government promulgated the food policy only stay in oral form, and not implemented. As the theater expanded, most grain-producing area occupied, moved inside a large population, the outbreak of the severe food crisis’, national government began to strengthen the food control. Different periods of time, the national government promulgated the regulation policy of different food. In1940, the national government established the national food administration, taken to send the sale of surplus grain, hoarding and profiteering, implementation evaluation, delimit on supply and marketing area, state monopoly for purchase and marketing of such measures, in order to strengthen market management and supply of food. The key national food administration in Sichuan, mainly food management. The national food administration regulation did not stop the rise in food prices, but the higher tube, the national government decided to cancel the national food administration, in1941July formally established the Ministry of food. After the establishment of the local Ministry of food, food policy institutions were reorganized, strengthening food control. Ministry of food mainly implemented to control prices period as the central control policy. Through the investigation of grain storage grain held telegraph, investigation and harvest report, to have a clear understanding of the food situation. The levies in kind, to ensure the supply of food rations. The implementation of the food dealer registration in order to strengthen the regulation of market access, mainly is the association to organize the food dealer, accept social supervision. Of the price regulation, mainly divided into the control system of price and the overall price of two stages. The national government regulation policy in this period, political power is mainly through the issue decrees crackdown on hoarding and profiteering, control prices, ban speculation and manipulation of the market and other measures, the economy through levies in kind, syndrome by fully grasp a large amount of grain to grain, control, to maintain the stability of grain prices.Understanding of food control policy of the national government, to give the correct analysis, from an objective point of view. During the process control of policy implementation in grain appeart the contrast of the role of the market and government control、the government and the people、Contradiction between the central and local.The national government through the introduction of land tax levy, levy by purchase, issuance of food bills, have a lot of food, is advantageous to the enhancement of national financial, monetary issue, guarantee the balance of revenue and expenditure of the Treasury, in a certain extent in the malignant development of inflation. A large number of food of government control, can ensure the supply of rations, and the surplus grain on the market, is conducive to control prices, to ensure the food supply, stabilize the morale of the troops morale, provide strong support for the victory of the Arti-Japanese war. This is a positive worthy of recognition, but also should see its control policy in the process of formulation and implementation, there are some drawbacks, the national government decision-making is passive in nature,Ta Mi in the process of implementation, levying authorities engage in malpractices for selfish ends, levying the uneven burden, so that the masses of people to endure great pain. |
PDF Full Text Request